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Supplementing Fat to the Cow Herd. Bret W. Hess Beef Cattle Nutritionist. Levels of Consideration. Reproductive diseases and conditions cost. $441,000,000 to $502,000,000 /year. Animal Factors Affecting Profitability. (Bellows et al., 2002). The Beef Cow’s Annual Life Cycle.
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Supplementing Fat to the Cow Herd Bret W. Hess Beef Cattle Nutritionist
Reproductive diseases and conditions cost $441,000,000 to $502,000,000/year Animal Factors Affecting Profitability (Bellows et al., 2002)
The Beef Cow’s Annual Life Cycle Time to rebreed (~20 days) 1st 30% of lactation 60 days 1st 85% of pregnancy Last 15% of pregnancy 40 days 245 days
Supplemental Fat ThroughoutThe Beef Cow’s Lifecycle • Postpartum Cows • Prepartum Cows • Neonatal/Suckling Calves
Positive Responses to Supplemental Fat Enhanced ovarian follicular growth and function Increased growth and development of cells destine to form the corpus luteum
Postpartum Interval (P = 0.47) (P = 0.25)
Detection of Estrus 129 Cows 212 Cows (P= 0.49)
Detection of Estrus 143 Cows 99 Cows (P= 0.53)
First Service Conception Rates 194 Cows 140 Cows (P= 0.60)
First Service Conception Rates 146 Cows 173 Cows (P= 0.22)
First Service Conception RatesLiterature 114 Cows 110 Cows (P= 0.54)
First Service Conception Rates Burns et al. (2002) 42 Cows 42 Cows (P= 0.12) ~56 g/day
First Service Conception Rates UW Cows 59 Cows 36 Cows (P= 0.04)
CON CON LIN LIN OLE OLE UW Study Design BCS 4.2 0.3 BCS 6.0 0.3 ~420 g fat/day ~420 g fat/day Lake et al. (2003)
Doudenal Flow of Linoleic Acid (P < 0.001) Scholljegerdes et al. (2001)
C O O H H3 Linoleic Acid C Desaturases and Elongases C O Arachidonic Acid O H H3 C OH COX COOH CH3 PGF2 OH OH Prostaglandin dehydrogenase and 13-reductase OH COOH PGFM CH3 OH O
Serum PGFM in Cows (P = 0.01) Grant et al. (2002)
Overall Pregnancy Rates 219 Cows 247 Cows (P= 0.94)
Overall Pregnancy Rates 281 Cows 197 Cows (P= 0.05)
Plasma 18:2 of Cows Fed Lipids Prepartum Alexander et al. (2002)
Overall Pregnancy RatesUW Herd 79 Cows 76 Cows (P= 0.96)
Birth Weights (P= 0.84)
Newborn Calves Exposed to 0°C (P< 0.01) Lammoglia et al. (1999)
Vigor Scores of Newborn Calves (P= 0.48)
Immune Response of Calves (P< 0.05) Small et al.
Plasma Linoleic Acid of Newborn Calves (P< 0.05) Small et al.
Relationship Between Milk 18:2 and Calf Adipose Tissue 18:2 Lake et al. (2003)
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Postpartum • Increases Ovarian Follicular Growth and Development • Enhances Luteal Activity • Does NOT Affect Postpartum Interval • May Reduce First Service Conception Rates • Does NOT Improve Reproduction
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum • Does NOT Appear to Affect Postpartum Interval • Does NOT Appear to Affect First Service Conception Rates • May Improve Overall Pregnancy Rates • Increases the Cow’s Linoleic Acid Status
Summary of Responsesfor Cows Fed Fat Prepartum • Does NOT Appear to Affect Calf Birth Weight • May Increase the Calf’s Cold Tolerance • May Bolster the Calf’s Immune Response • Improves the Calf’s Linoleic Acid Status
Acknowledgments Sponsors:USDA-NRICGP, ADM, and UW Collaborators: Dan Rule, Doug Hixon, Gary Moss, Paul Ludden, Steve Paisley, Lee Beldon, Dennis Hallford, Rick Funston, Danny Simms, and Steve Bartle Research Associates: Venerand Nayigihugu, Brenda Alexander, Chuck Murrieta, Lisa Balstad, and Ed Van Kirk Graduate Students: Eric Scholljegerdes, Scott Lake, Wade Small, Becky Atkinson, Mark Grant, Bridget Johnson, Lisa Brokaw, Jeff Bottger, Jared Gould, Ben Garrett, and Rick Landeis