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Architecture Conservation ( EAGD 5120 ) Lecture 4

University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Department of Architecture 1 st Semester 2010 -2011. Architecture Conservation ( EAGD 5120 ) Lecture 4 Aspects of Architectural conservation – Technical Aspects (Cont.) Dr. Nihad M. Almughany. CONTENTS.

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Architecture Conservation ( EAGD 5120 ) Lecture 4

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  1. University of PalestineFaculty of Applied Engineering and Urban PlanningDepartment of Architecture1st Semester 2010 -2011 Architecture Conservation ( EAGD 5120 ) Lecture 4 Aspects of Architectural conservation – Technical Aspects (Cont.) Dr. Nihad M. Almughany

  2. CONTENTS • 1- REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE. • 2- ASPECTS OFARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION • 3- TECHNICAL ASPECTS

  3. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS • 1- Collecting of Site and building environmental data: • Average Temperature & R. Humidity : Measurements are recorded in each space of the building ( Diagnostic Hygrometer Detector ) . • Average wall Temperature : Measurements are recorded for selected wall surfaces to determine weather there is any condensation on selected walls ( Dew point temperature) (Dew point detector ). • Salt Detection : To determine the presence of conductive salt contamination on surfaces of damped walls . A chemical salt analysis to be carried out to determine the presence of chlorides and / or Nitrates. • Hygrometric Measurement : Dampness is detected on wall surface and in depth . ( Diagnostic Hygrometer Detector ) • Measurement of R.H. in wood : (Diagnostic Hygrometer Detector )

  4. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 2- Analysis and assessment of structural elements: • Investigation of defeats in walls . • Investigation of foundations : open pits beside walls: pits outside and inside the building to assess the situation of the foundation • Foundation level • Foundation dimensions • Foundation materials and construction : stone – mortar • Laboratory tests for foundation :

  5. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Laboratory tests for foundation : • Grain size distribution analysis • Evaluation of soil parameters ( shear strength ) • Deformation characteristics • Water content percentage • Unit weight • Specific gravity • Coefficient of permeability • Bearing capacity for soil at different levels especially under the foundation level • Chemical analysis of ground water

  6. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 2- Analysis and assessment of structural elements (Cont.) • Beams • Trusses • Arches • Panels • Vaults

  7. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 3- Analyzing and detecting causes of decay(explained earlier).

  8. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 4- Sampling and laboratory tests: • A- Stone: • Strength and mechanical tests : • Uni – axial compression strength • Tensile strength • Physical properties tests : • Absorption • Porosity and permeability • Density • Complete chemical analysis • X- ray diffraction analysis • Polarized microscopic study • Scanning Electronic Microscope ( SEM )

  9. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 4- Sampling and laboratory tests: • B- Mortar and Plaster : selected samples from specific sections inside walls at depth of 15 cm: • Image processing , microscopic description • Thermo gravimetric measurements, chromatographic analysis, X ray diffraction • Desegregation system • Carbonation system • Granilometry curve , specific weight of mortar and the volume weight of the aggregate.

  10. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 4- Sampling and laboratory tests: • C- Paintings and pigments : • Chemical analysis • X – ray diffraction analysis • Infra – red absorption spectral analysis • Spectroscopy and Mineralogical study for mineral pigments of coloring substance • Determination of volume ratio • D- Marble : • Desalination of marble encrustation • Abrasion test

  11. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • 5- Main Restoration works : • A- CONSOLIDATION : التدعيم

  12. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works • B- REMOVAL OF ANY ADDITIVE HARMFUL MATERIALS : • طبقات الخرسانة على الأسقف • القصارة الاسمنتية • البلاط السيراميك على الجدران • التمديدات المختلفة • أي عناصر مضافة وضارة أخرى ملاحظة : حفظ العناصر المكشوفة بعد ازالة المواد من العوامل الخارجية مثل تغطية الأسقف حتى يتم معالجتها

  13. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • C- REMOVAL AND PREVENTION OF DAMP:التخلص من الرطوبة ومنعها • كشف وتهوية الأسقف فترة كافية • كشف وتهوية الحوائط • كشف الأساسات وتهويتها فهي مصدر الخاصية الشعرية عن طريق حفر خنادق تهوية و / أو حقن مواد عازلة • منع تسلل الرطوبة من خلال عناصر المبنى ( الأسقف – الحوائط – العتبات – الشبابيك والأبواب – الأساسات – الحلول )

  14. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works • D- REMOVAL OF BOTANIC AND BIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS: • التخلص من العناصر البيولوجية والنباتية ومنعها • طرق الازالة التقليدية • الطرق الكيماوية • الطرق الايكولوجية

  15. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • E- STRUCTURAL FITTNESS OF ELEMENTS. • F- TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT WORKS • F1 – Stone Works

  16. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • F2 – Iron Works

  17. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • F3 – Glass Works

  18. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • F4 – Lead Works

  19. 5- TECHNICAL ASPECTS (Cont.) • Main Restoration works : • F5 – Wood Works

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