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Electron Configurations of Ions

Electron Configurations of Ions. To write the electron configuration of an ion formed by a main group element: Write the configuration for the atom. Add or remove the appropriate number of electrons. Na: 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 1. Na + : 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6.

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Electron Configurations of Ions

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  1. Electron Configurations of Ions To write the electron configuration of an ion formed by a main group element: Write the configuration for the atom. Add or remove the appropriate number of electrons. Na: 1s22s22p63s1 Na+: 1s22s22p6 10 electrons total, isoelectronic with Ne Cl: 1s22s22p63s23p5 Cl−: 1s22s22p63s23p6 18 electrons total, isoelectronic with Ar

  2. Ions of d-Block Elements Ions of d-block elements are formed by removing electrons first from the shell with the highest value of n. For Fe to form Fe2+, two electrons are lost from the 4s subshell not the 3d. Fe can also form Fe3+, in which case the third electron is removed from the 3d subshell. Fe: [Ar]4s23d6 Fe2+: [Ar]3d6 Fe: [Ar]4s23d6 Fe3+: [Ar]3d5

  3. (c) Hg2+(Z = 80) Hg ([Xe] 6s24f145d10) Hg2+ ([Xe] 4f145d10) + 2e− (b) Cr3+(Z = 24) Cr ([Ar] 4s13d5) Cr3+ ([Ar] 3d3) + 3e− Write the condensed electron configurations for the following ions and predict whether they are paramagnetic. (a) Cr3+(Z = 24) (b) Hg2+(Z = 80) paramagnetic not paramagnetic (is diamagnetic)

  4. Which of the following atoms has the largest atomic radius? • Be • O • Ge • Se • Sr

  5. Atomic radii • Increasing n, so outermost shell lies farther from the nucleus. • Increasing Zeff which draws the valence shell closer to the nucleus.

  6. Ionization energy • Increasing n, the atomic radius increases and IE1 decreases • Increasing Zeff , IE1 increases Deviation to trend • 2A-3A (easier to remove an electron from orbital with higher value of l) • 5A-6A (easier to remove paired electron)

  7. Electron affinity • Increasing Zeff , EA increases • Noble gases have negative EA Deviation to trend • 1A-2A (easier to add an electron to an s orbital than to add one to a p orbital) • 4A-5A (eaeasier to add an electron to an empty orbital)

  8. Trends in metallic behavior.

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