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Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism

Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism. Sarah Shapiro. Background: Plate Tectonics. Hot Spots of the World. Hot Spot Track. Pacific Hot Spot Tracks. Hawaii: What a load…. Lithospheric Flexure. Watts and Zhong, 2000. Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001). Volcanic Earthquakes. Swarms

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Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism

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  1. Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro

  2. Background: Plate Tectonics

  3. Hot Spots of the World

  4. Hot Spot Track

  5. Pacific Hot Spot Tracks

  6. Hawaii: What a load…

  7. Lithospheric Flexure Watts and Zhong, 2000

  8. Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001)

  9. Volcanic Earthquakes Swarms (new fractures are forming) Volcanic Tremor – low freq. vibrations (due to moving magma) “Tornillos” USGS: Volcanic earthquakes

  10. Magma Plumbing from Microearthquakes Ryan et al., 1981

  11. Surface Geology

  12. So why am I talking about all of this?

  13. My Research: GPR

  14. Equipment • We used a Sensors and Software Pulse Ekko 100, which was equipped with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennae • Targets included: • beach sands • nearshore lava flows • well-developed soil covers • lava tubes • major fault zones

  15. GPR surveys on the Big Island of Hawaii, in conjunction with SES Semester in Hawaii program GPR Basics: Acquisition Reflection Mode Common Mid Point

  16. GPR Basics: Penetration Increasing Conductivity Increasing Penetration

  17. Why does this matter?

  18. The Hilana Fault Issue Cannon and Burgmann, 2001

  19. Models of Hilina Fault Geometry Cannon et al., 2001

  20. Models of Hilina Fault Geometry Morgan et al, 2000

  21. Tsunami Potential

  22. GPS Measured Motion Courtesy J. Kauahekaua

  23. Pali Uli

  24. Groundwater

  25. 3D Lava Stratigraphy

  26. Lava Tubes Known lava tubes GPR surveys above known lava tubes

  27. Sampling lava flows

  28. I cant complain!

  29. In conclusion....

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