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Section 3.1

Section 3.1. States of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter Why do materials behave the way they do?. Kinetic Theory of Matter. A theory that all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules, depending on the substance) that are in CONSTANT MOTION

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Section 3.1

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  1. Section 3.1 States of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter Why do materials behave the way they do?

  2. Kinetic Theory of Matter • A theory that all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules, depending on the substance) that are in CONSTANT MOTION • As temperature increases, the particles move faster • At the same temperature, heavier particles move more slowly than lighter particles

  3. Kinetic Theory of Matter • The motion of the individual particles (i.e. energy) and the forces of attraction between them determines the state of matter

  4. States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC)

  5. Behavior of Gases • Particles of a gas are in constant, random motion at very high speeds • Gases have more energy than liquids or solids of the same material

  6. Behavior of Gases • The motion of one particle is not affected by the other particles • The attraction between individual particles is so small that it can be ignored • The constant motion at high speeds allows the gas to fill its container, even if another gas is in the space

  7. Behavior of Liquids • Particles of a liquid move more slowly than gases and are more closely packed • Liquids have less energy than gases, but more than solids

  8. Behavior of Liquids • Attractive forces between the particles is strong enough to affect the motion of other particles, to a certain degree • Particles can still move, but not as quickly as gases • Mixing occurs more slowly

  9. Behavior of Liquids • No Definite Shape • Forces of attraction are not strong enough to hold particles in one place, so they are free to move past one another and fill the shape of their container • Definite Volume • The attractive forces are strong enough to keep individual particles close, preventing them from breaking away from the group

  10. Behavior of Solids • Particles of a solid will vibrate in place, but will not move away from a fixed location • Solids have the least amount of energy of all states of matter

  11. Behavior of Solids • The particles of a solid are attracted to each other very strongly • They move much less than liquids or gases • This results in a definite shape and definite volume

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