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CHAPTER 4 Social Structure

CHAPTER 4 Social Structure. Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Section 3: Types of Societies Section 4: Groups Within Society Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations. Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure. Objectives: .

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CHAPTER 4 Social Structure

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  1. CHAPTER 4Social Structure Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Section 3: Types of Societies Section 4: Groups Within Society Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations

  2. Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure Objectives: • Identify and describe the two major components of social structure. • Analyze how these two components of social structure affect human interaction.

  3. Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure Major Components of Social Structure • Status – a socially defined position in a group or in a society and has attached to it one or more roles • Role – the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

  4. Section 1: Building Blocks of Social Structure Roles, Status, and Human Interaction • People’s particular roles and statuses affect how they relate to one another.

  5. Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Objectives: • Identify the most common types of social interaction. • Distinguish between types of interactions that stabilize social structure and those that can disrupt it.

  6. Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Common Types of Social Interaction • Exchange – interacting in an effort to receive a reward or a return for one’s actions • Competition – two or more people or groups in opposition to achieve a goal that only one can attain • Conflict – the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone else, or to harm another person

  7. Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Common Types of Social Interaction (continued) • Cooperation – two or more people or groups working together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one of them • Accommodation – a state of balance between cooperation and conflict

  8. Section 2: Types of Social Interaction Interactions That Stabilize and Disrupt • Competition and Conflict – disrupt social stability • Accommodation, Exchange, and Cooperation stabilize social stability

  9. Section 3: Types of Societies Objectives: • Identify and describe the types of societies that exist in the world today. • Explain the roles individuals play in these models of group systems.

  10. Section 3: Types of Societies Types of Societies • Preindustrial – food production is the main economic activity and can be subdivided according to the level of technology and the method of producing food • Industrial – emphasis shifts from the production of food to the production of manufactured goods made possible by changes in production methods • Postindustrial – much of the economy is involved in providing information and services

  11. Section 3: Types of Societies Roles of Individuals • Roles related to: • Leadership • Family • Work

  12. Section 4: Groups Within Society Objectives: • Summarize the major features of primary and secondary groups. • Identify the purposes that groups fulfill.

  13. Section 4: Groups Within Society Features of Primary Groups • Interact over a long period of time on a direct and personal basis • Entire self of the individual is taken into account • Relationships are intimate and face-to-face

  14. Section 4: Groups Within Society Features of Secondary Groups • Interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature • Involve a reaction to only a part of the individual’s self • Casual and limited to personal involvement

  15. Section 4: Groups Within Society Purposes of Groups • Select leaders – people that influence the attitudes and opinions of others • Define their boundaries – so that members can tell who belongs and who does not • Set goals, assign tasks, and make decisions • Control their members’ behavior – if members violate groups norms, the group cannot survive long

  16. Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations Objectives: • Explain how bureaucracies are structured. • Evaluate the effectiveness of bureaucracies.

  17. Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations Weber’s Model • Division of Labor • Ranking of Authority • Employment based on formal qualifications • Rules and regulations • Specific lines of promotion and advancement

  18. Section 5: The Structure of Formal Organizations Effectiveness of Bureaucracies • Efficient at coordinating large numbers of people, defining tasks and rewards • Provides stability • Can lose sight of goals, create red tape, and result in oligarchies • In some instances, rewards incompetence and expands uncontrollably

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