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Chemistry is important!

Chemistry is important!.

destiny-compton
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Chemistry is important!

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  1. Chemistry is important! …”you can remain ignorant of matter, to allow changes to occur without considering the effect on your life, or allow others to decide what changes will be made in the matter that makes up your world and that of future generations”11 Hall, T. et al, Chemistry, DC Heath and company, Ma. 1993, p.5.

  2. Nomenclature of Binary Compoundsby Marta de Ortiz de Zevallos • To understand the formulas and their names is to learn the “universal language of Chemistry”.

  3. The Periodic Table • Metals are at the left (red) • Non-metals at the right, except for H (blue)

  4. What are binary compounds? Binary compounds are chemical compounds formed only by two elements. • Examples: • NaCl = sodium chloride. • CO2 = Carbon dioxide.

  5. There are two types of binary compounds...

  6. Binary Ionic Compounds (a metal and a non metal) • I’m hit, I’m hit, I’ve lost an electron!!! • Are you sure? • I’m POSITIVE!!! + • The metal looses electrons becoming positive (+) • The non metal gains electrons becoming negative (-) http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/webelements/elements/text/key/Na.html

  7. Positive and negative ions attract each other... • Perhaps one of you gentlemen • would mind telling me • just what is it outside the window • that you find so attractive….? http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/webelements/elements/text/key/F.html

  8. What is the charge? 1+ 2+ 3+ 4- 3- 2- 1- ? ? ? ? • Group 1: 1+ • Group 17: 1- Group 16: 2- • Group 2: 2+ Group 15: 3- • Group 13: 3+ Group 14: 4-

  9. For example, how do we write the formula of a compound between calcium and fluorine ? Write the positive element (metal) first with its charge (top right) Ca2+ Then write the negative element (non-metal) with its charge • F1- Do a cross multiplication Ca2+F1-

  10. CaF2 Isthe right ANSWER!

  11. Simplify if it isnecessary • For example, suppose you want to write the formula of the compound formed between Gallium and Nitrogen… GaN ANSWER! Ga3N3 Ga3+ N 3-

  12. Do you wanttotry by yourself? • Write the formulas of the ionic compounds formed between: • 1) Lithium and Oxygen • Li2O • 2) Potassium and Chlorine • KCl • 3) Aluminum and Sulfur • Al2S3 • 4) Barium and Carbon • Ba2C

  13. Howdo we name these compounds? • Name the metal first • Then the “root” of the non-metal • Finally add the ending “ IDE ” • Example • Li2O • Metal= Lithium • Non-metal= Oxygen Root=Ox Answer: LithiumOxide

  14. Let’s practice again… write the names of: • CaF2 • Calcium Floride • GaN • Gallium Nitride • KCl • Potassium Chloride • Al2S3 • Aluminum Sulfide • Ba2C • Barium Carbide

  15. But there are some metals that have more than one possible charge • Copper can be Cu1+ or Cu2+ • Mercury can be Hg1+ or Hg2+ • Iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+ • Cobalt can be Co2+ or Co3+ • Tin can be Sn2+ or Sn4+ • Lead can be Pb2+ or Pb4+

  16. How do you combine for example Iron, Copper, and Lead with Oxygen? • You have two possibilities for each: • Fe 2+ +O2- -> FeO • Fe 3+ + O2- ->Fe2O3 • Cu1+ + O2- -> Cu2O • Cu2+ + O2- ->CuO • Pb 2+ + O2- ->PbO • Pb 4+ + O2- ->PbO2

  17. What do we do in this case? • Between the metal and the non metal, write the charge of the metal, in roman numerals and between parenthesis. • FeO is Iron (II) oxide • Fe2O3 is Iron (III) oxide

  18. Write the formula of: Iron (II) Chloride FeCl2 Iron (III) Nitride FeN Mercury (I) Fluoride HgF Easy? Ready to practice?

  19. ? ? ? ? Write the formula of the following compounds: CuS Copper (II) Sulfide CoCl3 Cobalt (III)Chloride Sn3 N4 Tin (IV) Nitride Now theotherway around

  20. Binary molecular or covalent compounds... Prefixes mono 1 di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 penta 5 hexa 6 hepta 7 octa 8 nona 9 deca 10 Note: don't use mono for the first element • Name the first element + the root of the second + ide… • But, before each element, use prefixes to indicate the amount of atoms of each type.. http://tqd.advanced.org/3310/lographics/textbook/u01s04.html#BinaryCovalentCompounds

  21. How do wedo that??? • Let’s see some examples: • CO2 • Carbon dioxide • N2O5 • Dinitrogen pentaoxide • P2O7 • Diphosphorous heptaoxide

  22. Let's try the other way around... • CO • Carbon Monoxide • N2O5 • Dinitrogen pentoxide • CCl4 • Carbon tetrachloride • NO2 • Nitrogen dioxide

  23. Remember!!! Remember!!! Remember!!! • Binary compounds (two elements) • Can be ionic (metal+non-metal) • or molecular (two non-metals) For molecular compounds use prefixes indicating the amount of atoms of each type Dinitrogen trioxide N2O3

  24. In ionic, the metal can have one or more than one charge If it has only one, just name: Metal+non-metal+ide NaCl = Sodium chloride • If it has more than one charge, • use roman numerals • to indicate the charge of the metal. SnO2 =Tin (IV) oxide

  25. Good Job!!! If you want more practice go to http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/Nomenclature/Nomenclature.html

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