Elements of Poetry

Elements of Poetry “poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words.” - Robert frost

Elements of Poetry • Stanza: lines of a poem grouped into a unit • Example- “Doing Business” by Babs Bell Hajdusiewicz My Daddy’s on the phone right now. He says he’s almost done. My Daddy’s doing business with A man from Washington. My mother’s doing business, too. She’s not at home today. My mother’s doing business at Her office far away. And I’ll be doing business with Our brand new pooper-scoop, ‘Cause my puppy’s doing business on Our newly painted stoop! Stanza 1 Stanza 2 Stanza 3

Elements of Poetry Refrain: A group of words repeated at intervals in a poem, song or speech. • Example – B.o.b. “Airplanes” • Can we pretend that airplanesIn the night skyAre like shooting starsI could really use a wish right now (wish right now, wish right now)Can we pretend that airplanesIn the night skyAre like shooting starsI could really use a wish right now (wish right now, wish right now)

Elements of Poetry Speaker: The voice talking in the poem, not necessarily the author. • Example – Annabelle Lee • (Edgar Allan Poe’s real wife was Virginia Clemm)

Forms of Poetry • Narrative • Ballad • Epic • Lyric • Sonnet • Ode • Elegy • Free Verse • Cinquain • Haiku Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Narrative: A poem that tells a story with plot, setting and characters • Example: Captain Kidd Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Narrative Lyric Captain Kidd- by Rosemary and Stephen Vincent Benet This person in the gaudy clothes Is worthy Captain Kidd. They say he never buried gold. I think, perhaps, he did. They say it’s all a story that His favorite little song, Was “Make these lubbers walk the plank!” I think, perhaps, they’re wrong. They say he never pirated Beneath Skull-and-Bones. He merely traveled for his health And spoke in soothing tones. In fact, you’ll read in nearly all The newer history books That he was mild as cottage cheese -- But I don’t like his looks. Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Narrative – Epic: a long narrative poem recounting in elevated style the deeds of a legendary hero, especially one originating in oral folk tradition • Example: Beowulf Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Narrative- Ballad: intended to be sung, typically sentimental or romantic • Example: “Love Story” by Taylor Swift We were both young, when I first saw you.I close my eyes and the flashback starts-I'm standing there, on a balcony in summer air.I see the lights; see the party, the ball gowns.I see you make your way through the crowd-You say hello, little did I know...That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebbles-And my daddy said "stay away from Juliet"-And I was crying on the staircase-begging you, "Please don't go..."And I said...Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone.I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run.You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess,It's a love story, baby, just say yes.So I sneak out to the garden to see you.We keep quiet, because we're dead if they knew-So close your eyes... escape this town for a little while.Oh, Oh. Cause you were Romeo - I was a scarlet letter,And my daddy said "stay away from Juliet" -but you were everything to me-I was begging you, "Please don't go"And I said... Romeo take me somewhere, we can be alone.I'll be waiting; all there's left to do is run.You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess.It's a love story, baby, just say yes-Romeo save me, they're trying to tell me how to feel.This love is difficult, but it's real.Don't be afraid, we'll make it out of this mess.It's a love story, baby, just say yes.Oh, Oh.I got tired of waiting.Wondering if you were ever coming around.My faith in you was fading-When I met you on the outskirts of town.And I said...Romeo save me, I've been feeling so alone.I keep waiting, for you but you never come.Is this in my head, I don't know what to think-He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring and said...Marry me Juliet, you'll never have to be alone.I love you, and that's all I really know.I talked to your dad -- go pick out a white dressIt's a love story, baby just say... yes.Oh, Oh, Oh, Oh, Oh.'cause we were both young when I first saw you Stanza

Forms of Poetry • Free Verse: A poem with no fixed form or rhyme scheme. • Example- “Harlem Night Song” by Langston Hughes Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Come, Let us roam the night togetherSinging.I love you.AcrossThe Harlem roof-topsMoon is shining.Night sky is blue.Stars are great dropsOf golden dew.Down the streetA band is playingI love you.Come,Let us roam the night togetherSinging. Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Lyric: Poems that express the speaker’s feelings • Ode- A poem that celebrates something • Example: • Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet • Rhyme Scheme for a sonnet abab, cdcd, efef, gg Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Ode – A poem that celebrates something. Ode to a Blackberry – by MisaelVenturo Blackberry Oh I love your taste Your juices fill my mouth with water and flavor, Your color tempts me To suck all the juice and dry you out. You are the fruit of my dreams, You are my thoughts and my pleasure, Your tremendous taste has no name. Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Sonnet – Has 14 lines and ends in a couplet • Example: Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet “Hidden Beauty, Forever Broken” by laraelizabeth The moon shines upon the glassy surface (A)of the hidden black lake in the forest. (B)The stars glistening in the blue sky's place, (A)the moon illuminates the trees at rest (B)as they gently sway in the silent wind. (C)Suddenly, the forest has changed; (D)the sky is now lit with the forest's end. (C)Fire engulfs all in its path deranged, (D)consuming the trees and burning the land. (E)The fire moves quickly, making a path; (F)leaving behind a barren wasteland. (E)Through the flames and smoke, a menacing wrath (F)disturbs the once beautiful hidden lake, (G)for the beauty with it the flames will take. (G) Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy

Forms of Poetry • Elegy: A poem that mourns the loss of something. • Example: “A Dirge”- by Percy Bysshe Shelley Epic Ballad Ode Sonnet A Dirge is a song that is sung at a funeral. Rough Wind, that moanest loud Grief too sad for song; Wild wind, when sullen cloud Knells all the night long; Sad storm, whose tears are vain, Bare woods, whose branches strain, Deep caves and dreary main, _ Wail, for the world's wrong! -- Narrative Lyric Form Free Verse Elegy Shelley is mourning the deaths of Keats, and his son, William.

Poetic Devices Simile: a comparison of two things using “like”, “as”, or “than” Anna Nalick – Breathe 2 AM and she calls me 'cause I'm still awake,"Can you help me unravel my latest mistake?,I don't love him. Winter just wasn't my season"Yeah we walk through the doors, so accusing their eyesLike they have any right at all to criticize,Hypocrites. You're all here for the very same reason'Cause you can't jump the track, we're like cars on a cableAnd life's like an hourglass, glued to the tableNo one can find the rewind button, girl.So cradle your head in your handsAnd breathe... just breathe,Oh breathe, just breathe

Poetic Devices Metaphor: a comparison of two things without using “like” or “as” Miley Cyrus– The Climb There’s always gonna be another mountain I’m always gonna want to make it move Always gonna be an uphill battle Sometimes I’m gonna have to lose Is she really a mountain climber? Is she really fighting in a battle? What is she comparing to mountain climbing and battles?

Poetic Devices • Alliteration: repetition of the consonant sound at the beginning of words in a line • Examples: • Peter Piper Picked a Pickled Pepper • Dr. Seuss’s ABC Book • The Flea and the Fly The Flea and the Fly The flea and the fly got caught in the flue. Said the fly, “Let us Flee.”Said the Flea, “Let us fly.” So together they flew through the flaw in the flue.

Poetic Devices Assonance: repetition of the vowel sound throughout a line of poetry The Crocodile’s Toothache – by Shel Silverstein The CrocodileWent to the dentistAnd sat down in the chair,And the dentist said, "Now tell me, sir,Why does it hurt and where?"And the Crocodile said, "I'll tell you the truth,I have a terrible ache in my tooth,"And he opened his jaws so wide, so wide,The the dentist, he climbed right inside,And the dentist laughed, "Oh isn't this fun?"As he pulled the teeth out, one by one.And the Crocodile cried, "You're hurting me so! Please put down your pliers and let me go."But the dentist laughed with a Ho HoHo,And he said, "I still have twelve to go-Oops, that's the wrong one, I confess,But what's one crocodile's tooth more or less?"Then suddenly, the jaws went SNAP,And the dentist was gone, right off the map,And where he went one could only guess...To North or South or East or West...He left no forwarding address.But what's one dentist, more or less?

Poetic Devices Onomatopoeia: a word that creates its own sound effect Skinny – by Shel Silverstein Skinny McGuinn Was so terribly thin What while taking his bath Sunday night, Out popped the plug And sloosh-swoosh And glug-glug It washed Skinny Right down the drain Out of sight. And where is our dear Skinny Bathing tonight? In some underground pool Down below? Or up there so high In that tub in the sky Where all of The clean people go?

Poetic Devices Hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration Louder Than a Clap of Thunder – by Jack Prelutsky Louder than a clap of thunder, louder than an eagle screams, louder than a dragon blunders, or a dozen football teams, louder than a four alarmer, or a rushing waterfall, louder than a knight in armor jumping from a ten-foot wall. Louder than an earthquake rumbles, louder than a tidal wave, louder than an ogre grumbles as he stumbles through his cave, louder than stampeding cattle, louder than a cannon roars, louder than a giant's rattle, that's how loud my father SNORES!

Poetic Devices Symbolism: when a person, place, object or action stands for something beyond itself Katy Perry – Firework Do you ever feel like a plastic bagDrifting through the windWanting to start againDo you ever feel, feel so paper thinLike a house of cardsOne blow from caving inDo you ever feel already buried deepSix feet under screamBut no one seems to hear a thing Do you know that there's still a chance for youCause there's a spark in youYou just gotta ignite the lightAnd let it shineJust own the nightLike the Fourth of JulyCause baby you're a fireworkCome on show 'em what your worthMake 'em go "Oh, oh, oh!"As you shoot across the sky-y-y What does a firework symbolize? Light, something exciting, something worth paying attention to

Poetic Devices Imagery: when the author tries to appeal to the reader using the five senses Playing Outfield – by Isabel Joshlin Glaser The baseball drops into your glove, Sounds like…. Thunk! (Or Plunk? Or Plop? Whop?) . . . But stays, Sounds like . . . Another sunny day, Dust, sweat shivering down, Clothes plastered to your skin, THIRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sounds like you caught a flier, The other side’s out, And your team leads, Everybody’s yelling like crazy, HOORAY! water, please . . .

Poetic Devices Irony: the contrast between expectation and reality The New Kid on the Block – by Jack Prelutsky There's a new kid on the block, and boy, that kid is tough, the new kid punches hard, that new kid plays real rough, that new kid's big and strong, with muscles everywhere, that new kid tweaked my arm, that new kid pulled my hair. That new kid likes to fight, and picks on all the guys, that new kid scares me some, (that new kid's twice my size), that new kid stomped my toes, the new kid swiped my ball, that new kid's really bad, I don't care for her at all. The Crocodile – by Lewis Carroll How doth the crocodile, Improve his shining tail, And pour the waters of the Nile On every golden scale! How cheerfully he seems to grin, How neatly spread his claws, And welcomes little fishes in, With gently smiling jaws!

Poetic Devices Pun: a play on the multiple meaning of words Rugs From Me to You “I Just Can’t Wait to be King – On The Lion King [Simba:] I'm gonna be a mighty kingSo enemies beware![Zazu:] Well, I've never seen a king of beastsWith quite so little hair[Simba:] I'm gonna be the mane eventLike no king was beforeI'm brushing up on looking downI'm working on my ROAR[Zazu:] Thus far, a rather uninspiring thing[Simba:] Oh, I just can't wait to be king!

Poetic Devices Personification: when the author gives human characteristics to non-human objects Happy Feet

Poetic Devices Tone: the attitude the writer takes on a subject or character Mood: the overall emotion created in the reader.

Poetic Devices Rhyme: the repetition of sounds in words close together Slant Rhyme My hip hurts when I move my chin,My belly button's caving in. My back is wrenched, my ankle's sprained,My 'pendix pains each time it rains.My toes are cold, my toes are numb, I have a sliver in my thumb. My neck is stiff, my voice is weak,I hardly whisper when I speak.My tongue is filling up my mouth, I think my hair is falling out. My elbow's bent, my spine ain't straight,My temperature is one-o-eight.My brain is shrunk, I cannot hear, There's a hole inside my ear. I have a hangnail, and my heart is ...What? What's that? What's that you say?You say today is .............. Saturday? G'bye, I'm going out to play!" Sick – by Shel Silverstein "I cannot go to school today"Said little Peggy Ann McKay."I have the measles and the mumps,A gash, a rash and purple bumps. My mouth is wet, my throat is dry.I'm going blind in my right eye.My tonsils are as big as rocks,I've counted sixteen chicken pox. And there's one more - that's seventeen,And don't you think my face looks green?My leg is cut, my eyes are blue,It might be the instamatic flu. I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke,I'm sure that my left leg is broke. Internal Rhyme End Rhyme

Poetic Devices Rhythm: the musical quality produced by repeated sounds Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too – by Shel Silverstein Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too,Over the sun and beyond the blue."Hold on!""Stay in!""I hope we do!"Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle tooNever returned to the world they knew,And nobodyKnows what'sHappened toDear Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me tooWent for a ride in a flying shoe."Hooray!""What fun!""It's time we flew!"Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crewAnd Tickle served coffee and mulligan stewAs higherAnd higherAnd higher they flew,Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

Poetic Devices Rhyme Scheme: a pattern of end rhymes Selena Gomez –Perfectly I like who I am, but I guess you don’t (A)I think that I can, but you think I won't (A)Amount to anything at all (B)If you love me, you sure show it strange (C)Is there anything that you wouldn't change? (C) I can't be your paper doll. (B)[Chorus:] I wanna be perfect, But I'm me (D)I wanna be flawless, But you see (D)Every little crack Every chip, (E)Every dent, Every little mistake, (F) I wanna be perfect, Just like you, (G)But there's only so much that a girl can do (G)When I look in the mirror what I see, (H)It makes sense to me, (H)Perfectly Perfectly

Poetic Devices Repetition: when specific words or phrases are repeated two or more times throughout a poem Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too – by Shel Silverstein Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too,Over the sun and beyond the blue."Hold on!""Stay in!""I hope we do!"Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle tooNever returned to the world they knew,And nobodyKnows what'sHappened toDear Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me tooWent for a ride in a flying shoe."Hooray!""What fun!""It's time we flew!"Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crewAnd Tickle served coffee and mulligan stewAs higherAnd higherAnd higher they flew,Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

Elements of Poetry