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Physcology

Physcology. Biological Motives. BOLOGICAL MOTIVES. SOME BEHAVIOR IS DETERMINED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF ORGANISMS. HUMAN BEINGS HAVE CERTAIN SURVIVAL NEEDS.

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Physcology

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  1. Physcology Biological Motives

  2. BOLOGICAL MOTIVES • SOME BEHAVIOR IS DETERMINED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF ORGANISMS. • HUMAN BEINGS HAVE CERTAIN SURVIVAL NEEDS. • DRAMATIC VARIATIONS IN BLOOD, SUGAR, WATER, OXYGEN, SALT, OR ESSENTIAL VITAMINS LEAD TO CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR DESIGNED TO RETUREN THE BODY TO A CONDITION OF CHEMICAL BABLANCE.

  3. BIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION • ALL ORGANISMS HAVE BUILT-IN REGULATING SYSTEMS THAT WORK LIKE THERMOSTATS TO MAINTAIN SUCH INTERNAL PROCESSES AS BODY TEMP, LEVEL OF SUGAR IN BLOOD & PRODUCTIONOF HORMONES. • HOMEOSTASIS-TENDENCY OF ALL ORGANISMS TO CORRECT IMBALANCES & DEVIATIONS FROM THEIR NORMAL STATE. • SERVEL OF THE DRIVES THAT MOTIVATE BEHAVIOR ARE HOMEOSTATIC-HUNGER IS AN EXAMPLE.

  4. HUNGER • The Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) provides the “go signal: it tells you to eat. • The Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) provides the “stop” signal: it tells you when you have had enough to eat. • The LH, or “go” signal is more active in cold temperatures. • The VMH, or “stop” signal is more active in warm temperatures. • Glucostatic theory suggests that the hypothalamus monitors the amount of glucose, or ready energy, available in the blood. • Set- point- the weight around which your day-day weight tends to fluctuate.

  5. OBESITY • Obese people respond to external cues (cookies in oven) • They don’t eat because they’re hungry, but because they see something to eat. • Proven by Stanley Schachter (1971) and his colleagues at Columbia University • He did a study where there were 5 kinds of crackers , with normal weight and over weight people, some arrived on empty stomach and some of full stomachs. • People of normal weight ate more crackers when hungry and fewer crackers on full stomach. • Obese people ate even if they weren’t hungry.

  6. OBESITY CONT. • Schachter did a study when putting a bowl of almonds out in a waiting room • Over weight people only ate nuts when they didn’t have the take the shells off. • Ate simply because there was food. • People of normal weight were equally likely to try few nuts whether they were shelled or not. • Over weight- external cues (cookies in oven) • Normal weight- internal cues (stomach noises)

  7. DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY • Drive reduction theory states that physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways until its needs are satisfied. • Approval is a basic biological need. • In Harlow’s study with a monkey and cloth mother the monkey clinged to cloth mother because she satisfied the monkey’s hunger. • Drive Theologists overlook: • Hugging something or someone soft is inherently pleasurable. • Pleasure organisms derive from stimulation or arousal.

  8. DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY CONT. • A drive for stimulation is better looked at as a drive to reduce stimulation. • James Olds (1960) discovered a pleasure center in the hypothalamus. • Study on rats and stimulation • There is no general theory of motivation • Instead of the Drive Reduction Theory, we are left with a list of unlearned, innate drives.

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