Free Electron Laser at Świerk / Poland

1. POLFEL POLFEL POLFEL Free Electron Laser at Świerk / Poland Free Electron Laser (FEL) is a 4th generation light source with 100 000 times powerful pulses than the 3rd generation sources – synchrotrons. Light pulses shorter than 100 femtoseconds (10-13s) are produced by electrons speeded up by linear accelerator. POLFEL basic parameters: Electron beam energy: 600 MeV Radiation wavelength: UV, primary - 27 nm, 3rd harmonic - 9 nm Pulse length: < 100 fs Maximum beam power (peak): 0.22 GW Length of the device: 200 m Cost: 100 M€ (1 station) - 200 M€ (6 stations)

2. POLFEL for science, innovation and technology • Research and training center for fundamental, material, environmental, medical and biological research. • Training and development center for laser, accelerator and detection technologies. • Research potential: • Studies of electronic properties of molecules and condensed matter • 3D-imaging of atomic structures • Registration of physical, chemical and biological properties in atomic and femtosecond scale Biological cell imaging Diffractive imagingof nanostructures and large molecules Spiroplasma melliferus Surface damage studies • Example applications: • Tests of quantum chromodynamics in low (<500MeV) energy range • Semiconductor and quantum structures studies: • phonons, plasmons, binding energies of dopants, energetic levels in quantum wells, wires and dots, relaxation dynamics • development of THz and MEMS technologies: hybrid antennas, mixers, filters • pump/probe technique: • carrier dynamics in superstructures, intraband interactions, cascade lasers • absorption in quantum wells and in superstructures, width of emission lines, dispersion • optical properties in infrared and THz range of such structures as: Bloch oscillators and quantum cascade lasers • coherent resonant effects, Rabi oscillations • Near-edge microscopy and spectroscopy • Environmental studies using photo-thermal (PTDB) spectroscopy • Analysis of atmospheric processes in real time using tunable lidar • Biomolecular spectroscopy • Medical diagnosis: precise visualization of organs, identification of molecules • Medical therapy: FEL-activated nanoplatforms • Selective destruction of damaged or ill cells via tunable radiation Making periodic surface structures Images courtesy of DESY

3. Light in the tunnel for Świerk Nuclear research center in Świerk, near Warsaw, is well prepared to host POLFEL. The area of 44ha is shared by two national labs: The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ) and Institute of Atomic Energy (IEA), each heaving almost 500 employees. The site has technical infrastructure matching nuclear reactor requirements (e.g. 3 independent power lines), security and safety networks and it is a certified nuclear site. POLFEL After the golden years of sixties, when the site hosted over 4000 employees, the times of regress in nuclear investments in Europe has come. IPJ has preserved high rank in scientific research thanks to lively international collaboration. The personnel of Świerk, however, has shrink 4 times and the infrastructure of the center begin to suffer from ageing. The site potential is still great and can be revitalized by hosting a novel research facility. Therefore POLFEL is truly a light in the tunnel for Świerk. POLFEL shall become a facility concentrating activities of scientific institutes (IPJ and IEA), Techno-Parc and Mazovian Academy of Technology educating experts for nuclear technologies to be applied for power generation, industry, medicine, environment protection and security systems. It shall attract young people eager to learn modern science and novel technologies. It shall radiate ideas to be developed in spin-off companies growing in industry incubator. This part of Mazovia region shall profit a lot from the new life of Świerk.

4. POLFEL European dimension POLFEL is proposed as a new node of the IRVUX FEL Network, which is an integrated infrastructure consisting of 5 nodes in Germany (FLASH and BESSY), Italy (FERMI), Sweden (MAX IV) and UK (4GLS). POLFEL is the only large research infrastructure from the ESFRI Roadmap currently planned to be build in Poland. Therefore, it is a crucial element of integrating Poland into the European Research Area. Synergy of POLFEL at IPJ with FLASH and XFEL at DESY IPJ has longstanding tradition in designing and building particle accelerators for science, industry and medicine. It contributes to projects at CERN (CLIC) and DESY (TTF, FLASH, XFEL). The Institute was chosen to coordinate the XFEL-Poland consortium joining research institutes and industry interested in building and using the XFEL facility at DESY. Collaboration with DESY and using technology developed for XFEL could be beneficial for both DESY and IPJ. • Benefits for IPJ: • The risk of project failure due to technological problems is minimized. • The cost and the time for design, R&D and prototyping is significantly reduced. • Components can be produced as an extension of the XFEL production for the “mass production” price. • One can profit from the know-how of Polish experts gained during XFEL design and construction. • Benefits for FLASH / XFEL / DESY: • IPJ could increase its manpower and in-kind contribution to XFEL. • POLFEL may serve as a cost effective training center for FLASH and XFEL technical staff and users. • FLASH experiments could be prepared and tested effectively at POLFEL. • New ideas and pilot programs to improve XFEL could be developed and tested at POLFEL.