חקר השלכות סביבתיות של הפעלת מנוע הצתה חשמלית במוצרי רפורמינג המתנול

1. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Center for research in energy engineering and environmental conservation Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory חקר השלכות סביבתיות של הפעלת מנוע הצתה חשמלית במוצרי רפורמינג המתנול ד"ר לאונידטרטקובסקי המשרד להגנת הסביבה ספטמבר 30, 2013 ** עבודה זו הוגשה למשרד להגנת הסביבה ותוצאותיה אינן מחייבת את המשרד

2. Scope • Background • Main objectives • Methodology • Calculations results • Development and manufacturing of the ICE laboratory test rig • Development of direct gaseous fuel injector • Current Status • The Work Continuation

3. Background Following the recommendation of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be reduced by 50 - 85% out to 2050 in comparison with the emissions level in 2000

4. Strategies of GHG emission reduction by 2050 – prediction of the International Energy Agency Above 80% of the projected vehicle GHG emission mitigation should be achieved by introduction of alternative fuels and improvement of vehicle efficiency (approx. 50%) A vast untapped potential of efficiency improvement: e.g. for gasoline fueled SI engines: from about 30% to 60%

5. Scania engine Waste Heat Recovery About 30-35% of fuel energy introduced to ICE is wasted with engine exhaust gases Research directions: • Turbocharging • Turbo-compounding • Cabin air heating • Rankine cycle utilization • Thermoelectric (Seebeck) effect utilization Wang et al. 2011 • Thermo-chemical recuperation Current efficiency ~5%. In future: ~15%

6. Liquid renewable alcohol ICE operated with gaseous products of liquid alcohol reforming • Cold start? • Addressing any momentary change in engine load? Our solution: Hybrid propulsion system In a hybrid propulsion system, which always has an additional energy source, the shortcomings of the cold start and multi-regime operation can be easily overcome

7. Hybrid propulsion system based on an internal combustion engine operated with gaseous products of liquid alcohol reforming Main features: • A liquid alcohol (methanol or ethanol) may be renewable • No problems of on-board fuel storage • Engine is fed by a mixture of mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide • The endothermic reaction of fuel reforming is kept by utilization of exhaust gas energy – waste heat recovery by thermo-chemical recuperation • Hydrogen-rich gaseous fuel – zero-impact pollutant emissions

8. Our goal • To develop a hybrid propulsion system for road vehicles or stationary powerplants that provides: • Possibility of operation with renewable fuels • Significant improvement of energy efficiency • Zero-impact emissions

9. A comparison of the proposed concept with the known ones

10. Simulation methodology • Prediction of performance and emissions of SI engine fed by methanol reforming products using GT POWER software • Calculations were performed for gasoline, liquid methanol and two compositions of methanol steam reforming products • Parameters of the SI engine:

11. Calculations were performed for the rate power operation regimeTwo compositions of the reforming products (Mixtures 6 and 7) were chosen for the simulation as ensuring maximal energy efficiency of the reforming process Simulation methodology * W/M – water to methanol molar ratio

12. Prediction resultsEngine brake power The brake power value of the original engine may be achieved

13. Prediction resultsEngine brake efficiency The engine brake efficiency may be optimized

14. Prediction resultsNOx emissions Zero-impact NOx emissions may be achieved

15. Prediction resultsCO emissions Zero-impact CO emissions may be achieved Particle formation is anticipated to be negligible

16. Comparison of the energy efficiency for the engine fed by gasoline, liquid methanol and MSR products Potential of the energy efficiency increase

17. Comparison of NOx and CO emissions from the engine fed by gasoline, liquid methanol and MSR products Potential of the emissions dramatic reduction

18. Development and manufacturing of the ICE laboratory test rigThe engine genset selected for the test bench

19. The Work Status • Simulations confirmed great potential of harmful emissions reduction and efficiency improvement • Laboratory infrastructure for engine feeding by the syngas (mixture of H2, CO, CO2 and CH4) is installed • The laboratory single-cylinder engine test bench is under construction now • The engine is prepared for the instrumentation by different measuring equipment

20. The Work Continuation • Manufacturing the engine control and fuel feeding systems • Adjustment of the entire rig systems • Experiments carrying-out and comparison of engine emissions with different fuels • Analysis of experimental results

21. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Center for research in energy engineering and environmental conservation Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory Questions:tartak@technion.ac.il Thank you for your attention!