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Equations

Equations. Types of Reactions. Four major classes. Synthesis Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement. Synthesis. A marriage of two substances (reactants) to form one new substance (product) A + B  AB The reactants can either be elements or compounds.

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Equations

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  1. Equations Types of Reactions

  2. Four major classes • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Replacement • Double Replacement

  3. Synthesis • A marriage of two substances (reactants) to form one new substance (product) • A + B  AB • The reactants can either be elements or compounds. • The product is always one compound. • Example: C + O2 CO2

  4. Decomposition • Opposite of synthesis • A divorce of one substance (reactant) to form two or more simpler substances (products) • AB  A + B • The reactant is always one compound. • The products can either be elements or compounds. • Example: 2 HgO  2 Hg + O2

  5. Single Replacement • One element takes the place of another in a compound • The element can replace the first part of a compound, or it can replace the last part of a compound. • A + BC  B + AC (cationic)

  6. Single Replacement, cont • D + BC  C + BD (anionic) • Element + compound  element + compound • 7 elements are diatomic: N2, H2, Cl2, O2, Br2, F2, I2 • Example: Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

  7. Double Replacement • The positive and negative portions of two compounds switch places. • Compound + compound  compound + compound • AB + CD  AD + CB • Example: HCl + KOH  HOH + KCl

  8. Combustion Reactions • Two types of Combustion Reactions: 1. Complete Combustion CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O Always involves a hydrocarbon fuel source and oxygen as reactants, and carbon dioxide and water as products. Occurs when oxygen levels are high.

  9. Combustion Reactions • 2. Incomplete Combustion CxHy + O2 CO + H2O Always involves a hydrocarbon fuel source and oxygen as reactants, and carbon monoxide and water as products. Occurs when oxygen levels are insufficient to support combustion.

  10. COMBUSTION: 1. complete CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O2. incomplete CxHy + O2 CO + H2O • When the reaction description includes the terms combusts, burns, oxidizes, or reacts with air, add oxygen as a reactant. • Determine whether the reaction is complete or incomplete combustion; then write the products. • Balance the carbons. • Balance the hydrogens. • Balance the oxygens.

  11. COMBUSTION: 1. complete CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O2. incomplete CxHy + O2 CO + H2O • A propane (C3H8)grill is lit on the outside deck. • C3H8 + O2 + H2O

  12. COMBUSTION: 1. complete CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O2. incomplete CxHy + O2 CO + H2O • A propane (C3H8)grill is lit in a closed garage. • C3H8 + O2 + H2O

  13. COMBUSTION: 1. complete CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O2. incomplete CxHy + O2 CO + H2O • A butane lighter (C4H10)burns completely. • C4H10 + O2 + H2O

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