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Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): Health Effects on Children

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): Health Effects on Children. LaRonda Hannans – MPH Student Walden University PUBH 6165-2 Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Fall 2010. Learning Outcomes. State the prevalence of tobacco and stats in the United States Environmental tobacco smoke statistics

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): Health Effects on Children

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  1. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): Health Effects on Children LaRonda Hannans – MPH Student Walden University PUBH 6165-2 Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Fall 2010

  2. Learning Outcomes • State the prevalence of tobacco and stats in the United States • Environmental tobacco smoke statistics • Definition of environmental tobacco smoke • Health consequences of tobacco on fetuses & children • Long term effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children • Address the serious health effects associated with secondhand smoke • Tobacco cessation intervention

  3. Tobacco use is one of the most preventable diseases but causes the most premature deaths in the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Tobacco Use. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/osh.htm on October 7, 2010.

  4. ETSStatistics Florida Department of Health (2010). Tobacco Related Disparities and Its Impact on Florida. Retrieved from http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Tobacco/tobacco_home.html on October 12, 2010.

  5. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance SystemRetrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ on October 20, 2010

  6. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Environmental Protection Agency (2010). Health Effects of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html on October 16, 2010. Polanska, K., Hanke, W., Ronchetti, R., Van Den Hazel, P., Zuurbier, M., Koppe, J., and Bartonova, A. (2006). Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children’s Health. Acta Pediatrica, 95(453), 86-92.

  7. Smoking Risks in Pregnancy • Ectopic pregnancy • Intrauterine growth restriction • Placenta previa • Abruptio placentae • PROM • Spontaneous abortion • Preterm delivery • Eclampsia and Pre-Eclampsia • Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General—2001. Centers for Disease Control Web site. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_forwomen/Executive_Summary.htm. Accessed October 18, 2010. • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2000). Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy. ACOG Educational Bulletin Number 260.

  8. ETS Effects on Children • Respiratory Problems • Coughing, phlegm, reduced lung function • Children Exposed • Increased risk of SIDS • Acute Respiratory Infections • Ear Problems • More Severe Asthma • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Children and Secondhand Exposure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/childrenandsmoke/

  9. Annual Smoking-Related Child Morbidity and Mortality • DiFranza , J. Lew, R. (1996) Morbidity and Mortality in Children Associated With the Use of Tobacco Products by Other People. Pediatrics, 97:560–568.

  10. Children and ETS Statistics • Approximately 50-75% of children in the United States have detectable levels of cotinine, the breakdown product of nicotine, in the blood • In the United States 35% of children live in homes where residents or visitors smoke in the home on a regular basis • Almost 60% of U.S. children age 3-11 years- are exposed to SHS • SHS is responsible for between 150,000-300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in children under the age of 18 months Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Children and Secondhand Exposure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/childrenandsmoke/

  11. Health Risks to a Fetus Exposed to Secondhand Smoke U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Women's Health USA 2009. Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa09/index.html

  12. Intervention Makes a Difference • A woman is more likely to quit smoking during pregnancy • Smoking cessation intervention by clinicians improves quit rates • Brief counseling (5 to 15 minutes total) • Follow-up is essential to ensure abstinence • Mullen, P. (1999). Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Evidence-based Intervention to Promote Cessation. Primary Care, 26(3):577–589.

  13. Why intervene now? • Pregnancy is a good time to intervene • Brief counseling works better than advice to quit • Counseling offered by a trained clinician can improve cessation rates by 30% to 70% • Intervention works best for moderate users (<20 cigarettes/day) smokers • Melvin, C., Dolan-Mullen, P., Windsor, R., Whiteside, Jr., H., and Goldenberg, R. (2000). Recommended Cessation Counseling for Pregnant Women Who Smoke: A Review of the Evidence. Tobacco Control, 3, 80–84.

  14. Summary • Environmental tobacco smoke has detrimental effects on children’s health • Tobacco cessation intervention is an important part in reducing SHS exposure • Role of current and future health professionals

  15. Questions???

  16. References • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance SystemRetrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ on October 20, 2010 • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Children and Secondhand Exposure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/childrenandsmoke on October 13, 2010. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Tobacco Use. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/osh.htm on October 7, 2010. • DiFranza, J., Aligne, C., and Weitzman, M. (Pediatrics, 2004). Prenatal and Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children’s Health. 113(4), 1007-1012. • DiFranza , J. Lew, R. (1996) Morbidity and Mortality in Children Associated With the Use of Tobacco Products by Other People. Pediatrics, 97:560–568. • Florida Department of Health (2010). Tobacco Related Disparities and Its Impact on Florida. Retrieved from http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Tobacco/tobacco_home.html on October 12, 2010. • Melvin, C., Dolan-Mullen, P., Windsor, R., Whiteside, Jr., H., and Goldenberg, R. (2000). Recommended Cessation Counseling for Pregnant Women Who Smoke: A Review of the Evidence. Tobacco Control, 3, 80–84. • Mullen, P. (1999). Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Evidence-based Intervention to Promote Cessation. Primary Care, 26(3):577–589. • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2000). Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy. ACOG Educational Bulletin Number 260. • Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General—2001. Centers for Disease Control Web site. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_forwomen/Executive_Summary.htm. Accessed October 18, 2010. • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Women's Health USA 2009. Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa09/index.html

  17. Resources for Health Professionals www.surgeongeneral.gov www.attud.org www.teachtobacco.org www.tobaccoprogram.org (UMDNJ) www.nicotine-anonymous.org www.tobacco.org www.lungusa.org www.cdc.gov/tobacco www.cancer.org www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles www.scientificamerican.com www.breathenh.org www.marchofdimes.com www.cancer.org

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