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Principles of Design

Principles of Design. PROPORTION. Size relationships found within an object or design Commonly we think of ratios Certain proportions create a more pleasing effect People prefer rectangles to squares (windows, rugs, picture frames, etc.)

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Principles of Design

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  1. Principles of Design

  2. PROPORTION • Size relationships found within an object or design • Commonly we think of ratios • Certain proportions create a more pleasing effect • People prefer rectangles to squares (windows, rugs, picture frames, etc.) • Unequal divisions of space are preferred over equal divisions

  3. The Golden Section • Study by ancient Greeks • Dividing a line between 1/3 and ½ • Ratio of the larger segment to the smaller segment = ratio of whole line to larger segment 1/3 1/2 1/3

  4. The Golden Rectangle • Most visually satisfying rectangle- not too skinny, not too fat • Approximate golden rectangle pattern: 2,3,5,8,13 • Two consecutive numbers are close to a golden rec. 1 1.618

  5. SCALE • How the size of an object or space relates to human beings and to other objects or spaces in a design • Rooms and furnishings should be designed for the person who will use them

  6. BALANCE • Provides a feeling of equality • Occurs when the amount, size, or weight of objects on both sides of a center point is equal

  7. Symmetrical Balance • Arrangement forms on one side of an imaginary central line is the mirror image of the forms on the opposite side • Suggests rest and calm-more formal

  8. Asymmetrical Balance • Elements on either side of an imaginary central line are unmatched, but appear to be in balance • Informal • Consider apparent weight

  9. RHYTHM • Connected movement between different parts of a design • Can be created with texture, line, colors, or forms • Should not be overused • Examples: fabrics, quilt, folds in draperies

  10. Types of Rhythm • Repetition-repeating a pattern to help lead the eye from one point to another (ex. Color, design in flooring) • Radiation-lines radiate, or move outward, from a central point (ex. Chairs around a round table, small pictures surrounding a larger one) • Gradation-increasing or decreasing in size, color, or pattern (ex. Different sizes of candles)

  11. Types of Rhythm continued • Opposition-When lines come together to form right angles (ex. Square corners of a doorway, couch with the arms at right angles to the back) • Transition-When lines change direction by flowing in a curve, or when curved lines lead the eye from one object to another (ex. Arched doorways, a sofa with a back that curves in the arms)

  12. EMPHASIS • Center of interest, focal point • Could be one large piece or a grouping of smaller pieces • Should be dominant but not overpowering • Examples: large bouquet of flowers, stone fireplace, large cabinet, grouping of artwork

  13. UNITY & VARIETY • Unity-all the parts of a design are related by one idea • Gives a harmonious design • Items do not have to match! Similar characteristics are what matter (ex. Furniture with curved lines) • Variety-adds interest to room • Do not carry it too far!

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