Aplikacije poslovnog sustava

1. Aplikacije poslovnog sustava Aplikacije za potporu poslovnih funkcija (Financije, Računovodstvo, Proizvodnja, Ljudski potencijali...) Međuorganizacijske aplikacije Upravljanje vezama s kupcima CRM, Upravljanje nabavnim lancima SCM, Planiranje poslovnih resursa ERP

2. Enterprise Business Systems • e-Business Applications • e-Commerce • Cross-functional Enterprise Systems • Customer Relationship Management • Enterprise Resource Planning • Supply Chain Management

3. Learning Objectives • Identify the following cross-functional enterprise systems and give examples of how they can provide significant business value to a company. • Enterprise resource planning • Customer relationship management • Supply chain management • Enterprise application integration • Transaction processing systems • Enterprise collaboration systems • Give examples of how Internet and other information technologies support business processes within the business functions of accounting, finance, human resource management, marketing, and production and operations management.

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Understand the essentials of enterprise systems and computerized supply chain management. • Describe the various types of supply chains. • Describe some major problems of managing supply chains and some innovative solutions. • Describe some major types of software that support activities along the supply chain. • Describe the need for integrated software and how ERP does it. • Describe CRM and its support by IT.

5. Production Start Equipment Design Process Design Product Release Product Test Component Design Market Test Market Research Customer Feedback Enterprise Business Systems New Product Development Process Marketing R&D/Engineering Manufacturing

6. ESSENTIALS OF ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS ERP and Supply Chains ERPor enterprise systemscontrol all major business processes with a single software architecture in real time. • It is comprised of a set of applications that automate routine back-end operations: • such as financial management • inventory management • Scheduling • order fulfillment • cost control • accounts payable and receivable, • It includes front-end operations such as: • POS • Field Sales • Service • It also increases efficiency, improves quality, productivity, and profitability.

7. Suppliers Supply Chain Management Sourcing - Procurement Partner Relationship Management Selling – Distribution Enterprise Resource Planning Internal Business Processes Knowledge Management Collaboration – Decision Support Employees Partners Customer Relationship Management Marketing – Sales - Service Customers Enterprise Business Systems Enterprise Application Architecture

8. Typical EnterpriseApplication Architecture

9. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Software • Gathers data from operations activities such as: • Sales automation • Customer service center operations • Marketing campaigns • Web site performance • Improve & enrich customer interaction

10. ESSENTIALS OF ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS

11. Enterprise Business Systems IBM Corporation: Global Cross-Functional Enterprise Systems • Created Real-time Configure-to-Order System • Enterprise e-Business Systems Need End-to-End Connectivity: • Across Different Processes • From Legacy Systems to its Suppliers, Customers and Partners • Orders by Customers Travel Great Global Distances • Systems Update Order Status • Communicate with Other Systems-Real Time • Orders Zip Across Atlantic Average 4 Times

12. 1st Generation Enterprise Computing • Discrete Business Applications within Enterprise • Coupled by manual or batch processing • Separate application sets like Order, Inventory, Accounting • Through print-out or screen-scraper • Local optimization on each business operation • Data silo issue

13. 2nd Generation Enterprise Computing • Monolithic Integration with Package Apps around Business Process • ERP package integrates a set of application tightly but monolithic • Data silo issue resolved within ERP • Needs many customization to adopt • New business application packages create higher level data silo issue • Between application packages like CRM, e-commerce, SCM etc. • B2B and B2C create new integration needs across enterprises

14. 3rd Generation Enterprise Computing • EAI needs by On-demand Business • ERP and monolithic application packages integration through EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) • Has to be responsive through entire processes as enterprise in network economy • Still tightly non-flexible integration between business processes • No dynamic partnership enabled • Difficult to change and create new process (70% of IT budget spent for current system-associated maintenance) • Difficult to change IT resource for business transaction fluctuation • Huge spike as e-commerce nature

15. Next-Generation Enterprise Computing • Enterprise Application Needs for Network Economy • Build business process dynamically as composite services within Enterprise and across Enterprise • Disintegrate monolithic business processes • Long business transaction to complete a business process • Dynamic resource allocation for transaction fluctuation

16. Functional Areas in a Business • Compensation • Vacation • Skills/Training • A/R • A/P • Payroll • General Ledger • Receiving • Fulfillment • Process control • Purchasing • Cash Management • Asset Management • Budgeting • Retail Pricing • Sales Promotions • Sales Force Management. • Customer Loyalty • Interactive Marketing • Order Taking • CRM • Self-service

17. Functional Areas– Value Chain Perspective The value chain model, views activities in organizations as either primary (reflecting the flow of goods and services) or secondary (supporting the primary activities). The organizational structure of firms is intended to support both of these types of activities.

18. Functional Areas–Supply Chain Perspective The supply chain is a business process that links all the procurement from suppliers, the transformation activities inside a firm (the value chain) and the distribution of goods or services to customers via wholesalers and retailers.

19. Functional Information Systems Functional information systems support the organization, processes and business model. • Composed of smaller systems:A functional information system consists of several smaller information systems that support specific activities performed in the functional area. • Integrated or independent:The specific IS applications in any functional area can be integrated to form a coherent departmental functional system, they can be integrated across departmental lines to match a business process or be completely independent. • Interfacing:Functional information systems may interface internally with each other to form the organization-wide information system or externally systems outside the organization. • Supportive of different levels:Information systems applications support the three levels of an organization’s activities: operational, managerial, and strategic Enterprise Wide Environment– All business units.

20. Functional Information Systems Data Analysis and statistical forecasting. Datamining ops that support management Dynamic and what-if features. Integrated Clerical documents, schedules, mail, manuals, etc. Back office administrative tasks and ops. Business transactions, events and processes. Support of the business and customers. Operation Level of the company is normally highly structured and predefined. Run The Company

21. Transaction Processing Information Systems In every organization there are business transactions that provide its mission-critical activities. Each transaction may generate additional transactions. Since the computations involved in most transactions are simple and the transaction processes are well defined they can be easily computerized. The transaction processing system • Monitors • Collects • Stores • Processes • Disseminates information for all routine core business transactions. The primary goal of is to provide all the information needed to keep the business running properly and efficiently.

22. Managing Production/Operations & Logistics – Product Lifecycle Management PLMis a business strategy that enables manufacturers to control and share product-related data as part of a products design and development efforts. Web-based supply chains and other technologies are employed to automate this collaborative effort. • This electronic-based collaboration can • reduce product cost • travel expenses • reduce costs associated with product-change management • reduce the time it takes to get a product to market

23. Managing Production/Operations & Logistics – Product Lifecycle Management

24. – Marketing and Sales Systems Channel systems are the involved in the process of getting a product or service to customers and dealing with their needs. These systems link and transform marketing, sales, procurement, logistics, and delivery activities with other corporate functional areas. • Some of the channel-system activities are: • customer relations • distribution channels and in-store innovations • marketing management • telemarketing

25. – Marketing and Sales Systems

26. Enterprise Resource Planning The Technological Backbone of e-Business Production Planning Integrated Logistics Sales, Distribution, Order Management Customer/ Employee Accounting and Finance Human Resources

27. Enterprise Resource Planning Colgate-Palmolive: The Business Value of ERP • Use of Software across the Entire Spectrum of the Business • Activities That Once Took Days now Take Hours • On-Time and Correctness of Deliveries Improved Significantly • Inventories Reduced by 1/3 and Realized Meaningful Cost Savings Graphically…

28. Enterprise Resource Planning Colgate-Palmolive: The Business Value of ERP Demand Planning Manufacturing Planning Logistics Planning Distribution Planning Order Entry Enterprise Resource Planning MRP Inbound Inventory Plant Mgmt. Purchasing & Accounts Payable Manufacturing & Production Scheduling Inventory Control & Warehousing Distribution & Accounts Receivable Suppliers Customers Finance and Accounting Human Resources

29. Enterprise Resource Planning Benefits of ERP • Quality and Efficiency • Decreased Costs • Decision Support • Enterprise Agility Failures in ERP Do Exist

30. Enterprise Resource Planning Sobeys Inc.: Failure in ERP Implementation • SAP AG’s Software Installation Problems of ERP Integrated Suite into a Retail Environment • Sobey’s Grocer Had Problems with Number of Transactions • Jo-Ann Stores and Petsmart Blamed Software for Poor Financial Performance • Sobey’s is Replacing System

31. Enterprise Resource Planning Causes of ERP Failures • Underestimating the Complexity of Planning, Development, and Training Needed • Failure to Involve Affected Employees • Trying to do Too Much Too Fast • Over Reliance by Company on Claims of Software Companies

32. Enterprise Application Integration EAI Software Connects Major e-Business Applications Like CRM and ERP Enterprise Application Integration Back-Office ERP Applications Distribution Manufacturing Scheduling Finance Front-Office CRM Applications Customer Service Field Service Product Configuration Sales Order Entry EAI