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Islamic Golden Age: Contributions & Society

Explore the rise of Islam after 632 AD, the rule of the first four Caliphs, the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, and the impact on society including advancements in scholarship, governance, and society structure.

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Islamic Golden Age: Contributions & Society

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  1. 800 AD Golden Age of Islam

  2. Islam Spreads After 632 AD • Muhammad did not name a successor • Abu Bakr becomes 1st Caliph • 1st Four Caliphs known as “rightly guided” • Knew Muhammad, used Qur’an for leadership • Used army to unite Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Egypt, and parts of Byzantine Empire • Persecuted people felt they were liberators

  3. How They Ruled • Soldiers were well disciplined and expertly commanded • Treated conquered people respectfully • Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians were called “People of the Book” • Paid tax to exempt from military • Not allowed to spread faith…proselytize • Became important scholars and members of bureaucracy

  4. 1st Muslim Empire • Ruled by the Umayyad family • Moved Muslim capital to Syria to keep an eye on conquered territories • Some Muslims felt Umayyads lived too luxuriously • Begins a split within Muslim communities

  5. Muslim World by 700 AD

  6. Shi’a and Sunni • Most Muslims accepted the Ummayad rule • Those who didn’t, resisted and pushed for a new interpretation of the role of Caliph • Shi’as believe the Caliph needs to be a blood relative of Muhammad • Sunnis believe the Caliph should follow Muhammad’s example

  7. Sufi-Sufism • Another branch rejected luxury altogether • Pursue life of poverty • Try to achieve personal contact with G-d • Through meditation and chanting • Music is part of spirituality* • Morocco to Turkey

  8. Abbasid Dynasty • The Umayyad Dynasty falls to rebel opposition • In 750, the Abbasid clan took control of the Muslim Empire • Umayyad family is executed • One prince flees to Muslim Spain

  9. Abbasid Empire

  10. Gibraltar • Named for famous Berber general named Tariq • An entire peninsula named after him • Jabal Tariq = Gibraltar

  11. Berber Arab Empire in Spain • Known as Moors • Called Spain al-Andalus • Battled for Europe with the Franks • Halted near Paris at the city of Tours in 732 • Called the Battle of Tours

  12. Back in the Abbasid Empire • Move capital to Baghdad • Location on key trade route • Enormous bureaucracy develops: • Treasury, Military, Chancery, Diplomats • Many positions in bureaucracy run by Jews and Christians

  13. Contributions • Banking system organized • Arabic is the official language • The Abbasid dinar* the official currency • Letters of credit, sakks-checks, offered by banks…exchanged for cash at banks • Cosmopolitan blend of culture, religion, $

  14. Leads to a Golden Age Across the Empire • Time of peace and safe for mix of cultures • Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba huge cities • 4 social classes: • Muslims by birth • Muslims by conversions • People of the Book • POW slaves…Janissaries

  15. Muslim Women • “Righteous women are obedient” but… • Qur’an states men and women are equal believers • Shari’a gives women specific rights: • Marriage contract • Divorce • inheritance rights • Property rights • Encouraged to read and write in Arabic

  16. Scholarship • Encouraged in the Quran • “Acquire knowledge…it enables possessor to distinguish between right and wrong; lights way to heaven; guides to happiness; an armor against enemies” Prophet Muhammad • Muslim world preserved ancient scholarship • 800’s Baghdad opens House of Wisdom: academy, library, translation center • Worked on translating texts from Greece, India, Persia into Arabic

  17. Advancements • Persian scholar al-Razi compiles medical encyclopedia and smallpox treatment book • Al-Khwarizmi invents al-jabr=algebra • Cartography • Early astonomical devices before telescope • Astrolabe • Calligraphy as text and art • Literature…1,001 Arabian Nights

  18. 1,001 Arabian Nights

  19. King Shahriyar had vowed to have a new wife each night. Each was to be executed the following morning. • Sheherazade, enacted a clever plan. Each night her sister would come into their room and request a story. The King became so entranced by Sheherazade's stories that he wanted to hear the conclusion of each one. • Night after night Sheherazade would leave him in suspense, postponing her execution for 1,001 nights until he pardoned her!

  20. Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves • Aladdin • Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor

  21. Muslim View of the Ideal Man ~800AD • “The ideal man should be from East Persia, Muslim in faith, Arabic in language, Iraqi education, Hebrew in astuteness, Christian in conduct, a Greek in science, Indian in interpretation, and lastly a Sufi in spiritual life” • What does this quote imply about their culture?

  22. 4 Muslim Empires • Arab • Spanish-Moorish-al-Andalus(Andalusian) • Ottoman Turkish • Mughal in India

  23. Topkapi Palace

  24. Blue Mosque

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