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An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data

An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data. Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007. Acknowledgements. Forecasting/Research Work Group. Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office Ivan Kuzyk Department of Correction (DOC) Jody Barry, Research Analyst

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An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data

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  1. An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007

  2. Acknowledgements Forecasting/Research Work Group Research Consultant to theU.S. Attorneys Office Ivan Kuzyk Department of Correction (DOC) Jody Barry, Research Analyst Department of Public Safety (DPS) Tom Myers, IT Analyst 2 Office of Legislative Research Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney Office of Policy and ManagementCriminal Justice Policy & Planning John E. Forbes, Assistant Director Linda D. DeConti, M.Sc., Research Manager Alyse A. Chin, M.S.W., Assistant Manager Central Connecticut State University Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., SAC Director Lyndsay Ruffolo, Program Administrator State of Connecticut Judicial Branch Court Operations Judith Lee, Esq., Caseflow Mgmt. Specialist Court Support Services Division Center for Research & Quality Improvement Brian Hill, Manager Susan C. Glass, Program Manager Department of Correction (DOC) Offender Classification Frederick J. Levesque, Director Board of Pardons & Paroles (BOPP) Richard Sparaco, Parole & CS Manager Jerry Stowell, Ph.D., Consultant Department of Public Safety (DPS) Division of State Police Lois A. Desmarais, Planning Specialist Gary Lopez, Planning Specialist Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (DMHAS) Alfred Bidorini, Director of Planning

  3. Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D.Central Connecticut State University Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) Director and Co-Chair for the Forecasting/Research Work Group

  4. Data Qualifications From the Research Perspective… • Our collaborative strength bridges the gap in data sharing where current technology and comparable resources may not exist. • This is the best data that we have at the moment – we have more work to do. • Why can’t we get that now? • There are data collection flaws and the data is imprecise. • People incorrectly assume data systems are reporting systems. • Each agency maintains their information for their own operational purpose. These are real time operational systems and NOT always Research Friendly. • Some data is continually overwritten and historical records may be lost. • Cross agency issues in terms of data fields: how we define, store or search for data. • This request has shown us: How are we doing things? AND How we can improve?

  5. Presentation Outline • Overview/Trends • Process • Who’s in the System Now • Issues for Further Study

  6. Overview/Trends • National Rankings for Burglary • Trends in Burglary Arrest Data • Burglary Statutes in Connecticut • Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut

  7. National Rankings for Burglary Source: Crime in the United States, 2006. U.S. Department of Justice — Federal Bureau of Investigation, September 2007. * Definition: The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program defines burglary as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. To classify an offense as a burglary, the use of force to gain entry need not have occurred. The Program has three sub-classifications for burglary: forcible entry, unlawful entry where no force is used, and attempted forcible entry. The UCR definition of “structure” includes, for example, apartment, barn, house trailer or houseboat when used as a permanent dwelling, office, railroad car (but not automobile), stable, and vessel (i.e., ship).

  8. Trends in Burglary Offense Data (2004) US CT Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut”

  9. 2004 Burglary Offense Data • Most burglaries happen during the day • Nearly 70% of all burglaries take place at a residence • Slightly more than 20% of all burglaries happen at a residence during the night Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut” DATA NOTE: This publication uses UCR and NIBRS data combined.

  10. Burglary Statutes in Connecticut Source: OLR Research Report - Burglary Statutes, 2007-R-0505, August 22, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney

  11. Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Department of Correction (DOC) Source: State of Connecticut, Department of Correction, Objective Classification Manual, Revised July 2005 http://www.ct.gov/doc/lib/doc/PDF/PDFReport/ClassificationManualLibraryCopy.pdf

  12. 53a48/53a54 Conspiracy to Commit Murder 53a49/53a54 Criminal Attempt to Commit Murder 53a-55 Manslaughter 1st 53a-55a Manslaughter 1st with a Firearm 53a-56 Manslaughter 2nd 53a-56a Manslaughter 2nd with a Firearm 53a-56b Manslaughter 2nd with a Motor Vehicle 53a-57 Misconduct with a Motor Vehicle 53a-59 Assault 1st 53a-59b Assault on Department of Correction Employee 53a-60 Assault 2nd 53a-60a Assault 2nd with a Firearm 53a-60b Assault of a Victim Sixty or Older 2nd 53a-60c Assault of a Victim Sixty or Older 2nd with a Firearm 53a-59a Assault of a Victim Sixty or Older 53a-70 Sexual Assault 1st 53a-70b Sexual Assault in a Spousal or Cohabiting Relationship 53a-72b Sexual Assault 3rd with a Firearm 53a-92 Kidnapping 1st 53a-92a Kidnapping 1st with a Firearm 53a-94 Kidnapping 2nd 53a-94a Kidnapping 2nd with a Firearm 53a-95 Unlawful Restraint 1st 53a-101 Burglary 1st 53a-102a Burglary 2nd with a Firearm 53a-103a Burglary 3rd with a Firearm 53a-111 Arson 1st 53a-112 Arson 2nd 53a-134 Robbery 1st 53a-135 Robbery 2nd 53a-136 Robbery 3rd 53a-167c Assault on a Policeman or Fireman 53a-179b Rioting in a Correctional Facility 53a-179c Inciting a Riot in a Correctional Facility 85% Regulations: Definitions of Violent Offenses(P.A. 95-255 for offenses committed after 7/1/96) Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Board of Pardons and Paroles (BOPP) • Any individual convicted of Conspiracy (53a-48), Criminal Attempt (53a-49) or Criminal Liability (53a-8) to the aforementioned statutes, or who is convicted of Violation of Probation where the underlying charge is one of the aforementioned statutes, is subject to 85% designation provided the offenses or underlying offenses are committed after July 1, 1996. Source: State of Connecticut, Board of Pardons and Paroles

  13. Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Judicial BranchCourt Support Services Division (CSSD) CSSD Administrative Monitoring Excluded Offenses • List of statutes used by CSSD Adult Probation Officers to determine whether or not an individual on probation is eligible to be placed on administrative monitoring if the risk assessment indicates they are low risk.  Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division

  14. Presentation Outline • Overview/Trends • Process • Who’s in the System Now • Issues for Further Study

  15. Process Offenses and Court Disposition by Burglary Statute • 81% of Burglary offenses are Burglary 3 (53a-103) • 43% of all Burglary offenses end in a Conviction (Convictions and Plea) • 57% of all Burglary offenses receive a Nolle Aggregations of Judicial Case Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: OLR Research Report – Burglary Statistics, 2007-R-0506, August 27, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney (Aggregation of Table 4)

  16. Process Offenses and Length of Prison Sentence • Burglary 1: 95% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 7.8 years Average Sentence • Burglary 2: 79% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 2.2 years Average Sentence Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., Central Connecticut State University

  17. Process Offenses and Type of Sentence • Burglary 1: 59% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision • Burglary 2: 50% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph.D., Central Connecticut State University

  18. Presentation Outline • Overview/Trends • Process • Who’s in the System Now • Issues for Further Study

  19. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision • Total DOC Supervision: 25,631 • 4,689 or 18% of DOC offenders have been convicted of at least one burglary • Only 237 had a single criminal docket, which means the vast majority of offenders had more than one conviction. • Burglary convictions include current or past sentence. • Third Degree Burglary has the highest number of Offenders *Total for Probation represents more than the total number of probationers, since some had multiple burglary convictions. Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  20. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision • 74% of the 4,689 DOC offenders convicted of at least one burglary are incarcerated • At least 19% of burglars are in DOC Community Supervision, which is less than 4% of the Total DOC Population Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  21. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Maximum Sentence * 21 burglars excluded with sentences of 999 yrs Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  22. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision For the 4,689 Total Burglars the Median Age: At First Conviction: 21 years oldAt Last Conviction: 28 years oldData represents the first conviction that resulted in incarceration and not the first conviction overall. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  23. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision • Relative to the adult population, burglars as well as all offenders have significantly lower levels of educational attainment. • While 31% of Connecticut adults have at least a four year degree, less than 1% of convicted burglars have completed 4 years of college • Convicted burglars compared to other offenders have a slightly higher level of educational attainment Burglars All Offenders CT Adults Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  24. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision • Burglars had a similar Mental Health Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision • Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Violence Score • Burglars had a higher level Alcohol/Drug Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision • Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Discipline Score Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  25. Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Top 20 Town of Residence • All offenders who were under DOC supervision on September 14, 2007 identified 907 locations as their place-of-residence. • Burglars identified 334 places as their place-of-residence. • 71% of burglars come from the 20 towns. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U.S. Attorneys Office

  26. Presentation Outline • Overview/Trends • Process • Who’s in the System Now • Issues for Further Study

  27. Issues for Further Study From the Research Perspective… • Recommendations to the Task Force: • Establish a clear vision of what problem(s) it is trying to solve and which information will be most helpful to support solutions to those problems. • Need a common definition of “Violent Offenders” in Connecticut. • Recommendations to Improve Research: • Meet with OBTS staff to discuss research/data needs and data accessibility. • Set standards for data quality within the Connecticut criminal justice system. • Consider how things are counted and recorded – individuals, cases, dockets and charges can be difficult to reconcile. • Need to develop and implement a consistent, unique identifier that begins at arrest to follow offenders through the Connecticut criminal justice system.

  28. An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007

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