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The Cooperative Principle

The Cooperative Principle. 現代英語学 2011 年 5 月 27 日. 前提と意味論的含意. My sister is working at an ice cream shop. → I have a sister. She has arrived in Tokyo. 　　→ She is in Tokyo. NEGATION TEST. H. Sacks (1992) Lectures on Conversation . Blackwell. A: I have a fourteen year old son.

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The Cooperative Principle

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  1. The Cooperative Principle 現代英語学 2011年5月27日

  2. 前提と意味論的含意 • My sister is working at an ice cream shop. → I have a sister. • She has arrived in Tokyo. 　　→ She is in Tokyo. NEGATION TEST

  3. H. Sacks (1992) Lectures on Conversation. Blackwell. • A: I have a fourteen year old son. B: Well, that’s all right. A: I also have a dog. B: Oh, I’m sorry.

  4. conversational implicature（会話の含意） • A: Can you tell me the time? B: Well, the milkman has come. Levinson 1983.Pragmatics. Cambridge UP.

  5. （自律的）言語学では • A: Do you have the ability to tell me the time? • B: [語用論的に解釈される不変化詞] the milkman came at some time prior to the time of speaking.

  6. 語用論的には • A: Do you have the ability to tell me the time of the present moment, as standardly indicated on a watch,and if so please do so tell me. • B: No I don‘t know the exact time ofthe present moment, but I can provide some information from which you may be able to deduce the approximate time, namely the milkman has come.

  7. 会話の含意 • グライス（Paul Grice） • Grice, Paul. 1975, "Logic and Conversation." In Peter Cole & Jerry Morgan, eds. Syntax and Semantics, Vol 3: Speech Acts. Academic Press. pp. 41­-58. Steven Davis, 1991. Pragmatics: A Reader. Oxford University Press.に再録

  8. Griceのこの授業的な意義 • いわないことまでなぜ伝わるのか • 間接的なメッセージがなぜ伝わるのか • 間接的な解釈のプロセスは

  9. 含意の利用法 • 一般的含意 （Generalized implicature) • 意図的な含意の利用 （Particularized implicature, Flouting)

  10. Generalized implicature • John has two PhDs. ??John has two PhDs but I don't believe this. • Nigel has fourteen children. • A: How did Harry fare in court the other day? B: Oh he got a fine. • Alfred went to the store and bought some whisky.

  11. FLOUTING (Quality) • A: Teheran's in Turkey isn't it, teacher? B: And London's in Armenia I suppose. • Queen Victoria was made of iron. • A: What if the USSR blockades the Gulf and all the oil? B: Oh come now, Britain rules the seas!

  12. FLOUTING (Quantity) • If he does it, he does it. • Either John will come or he won't.

  13. FLOUTING (Relation) • A: I do think Mrs Jenkins is an old windbag, don't you? B: Huh, lovely weather for March, isn't it?

  14. FLOUTING (manner) • A: Let's get the kids something. B: Okay, but I veto I­C­E C­R­E­A­M­S. • Miss Singer sang an aria from Rigoletto. Miss Singer produced a series of sounds corresponding closely to the score of an aria from Rigoletto.

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