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An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army: The Roman Legions. The Roman Legion Military Training:The Art Of War The Roman Navy. The Roman Legion. Army was comprised of professional soldiers who were Roman citizens Pay and retirement prospects entice enlistment
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An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army: The Roman Legions The Roman Legion Military Training:The Art Of War The Roman Navy
The Roman Legion • Army was comprised of professional soldiers who were Roman citizens • Pay and retirement prospects entice enlistment • Non-citizens were promised citizenship after 20 years of loyal service • Also received choice of land or money when soldiers retired
The Roman Legion • Roman soldiers swore loyalty to Rome and emperor • Loyalty to emperor was reinforced through holidays recognizing emperors • Men who served were in fact loyal to Rome and its ideals
The Roman Legion • A legion was made up of 5,400-6,000 men • Centurion commanded 80 men (century) • A cohort was made up of 6 centuries (480 men) • 10 cohorts made a legion that was supported with a cavalry unit and engineers • Majority of legions protected Roman frontier (borders)
The Roman Legion • Emperors had to work at maintaining loyalty of army • Officers received appointments through the emperor (received prestige, status, connections and wealth) • Generals were moved like chess pieces within empire to avoid loyalty from men • Men more loyal to leadership than emperor
Military Training:The Art Of War • Military training was rigorous and involved marching and military training • Extensive training in various weapons and formations • Responsible for constructing forts, bridges, roads and protective walls • Maintain constant presence in conquered territories
Military Training:The Art Of War • The army was oppressive in territories and carried out numerous massacres populations of civilians • Enslaved enemies who were sent back to Rome • Generals benefited from slave auctions through connections
Military Training:The Art Of War • Auxiliaries were men from conquered territories who received similar training like Romans • Majority served as archers or as horse archers • Granted citizenship after 25 years and were paid lower wages than Roman troops • Stationed in along frontiers away from home countries
Military Training:The Art Of War • Roman ballista were heavy weapons that launched stone balls, large arrows and multiple arrows • Used for sieges and protection of fixed positions also found on naval warships • Julius Caesar introduced them during invasion of Britian 55 B.C.
The Roman Navy • Main responsibility was to combat piracy and support army operations • Protected seas travel by Roman vessels • Comprised of warships, transports and smaller ships • Triremes was main warship based on a Greek design
The Roman Navy • Navy did not have slaves rowing oars • All were soldiers and were recruited roman citizens and/or freemen • Had marines who boarded enemy ships • The total strength of 40,000 men
The Roman Legion • Cavalry units were called milliaries that consisted of 800 men • Auxiliaries were not equipped like regular cavalry • Cavalry had variety of weapons • Javelin • Spears • Lance • Shields • Bow
Roman Defeats and Victories • Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 B.C. Hannibal lure’s a Roman army into ambush trapping them between Hannibal’s army and a lake 30,000 killed • Battle of Cannae 216 B.C. Rome loses 50,000 men to Hannibal’s feint which led to them being surrounded and crushed
Roman Defeats and Victories • Battle Of Zama 202 B.C. Scipio Africanus takes out Hannibal’s elephants by funneling them through his formation and killing 20,000 men
