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Elements and the Periodic Table: Understanding Patterns and Properties

Learn about the construction of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev, the organization of elements based on similar properties, and the significance of atomic weight and bonding power. Explore the composition of atoms and the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons in determining the chemical behavior of elements.

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Elements and the Periodic Table: Understanding Patterns and Properties

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  1. Chapter 3 Elements and the Periodic Table

  2. The Periodic Table • Dmitri Mendeleev: Russian chemist who listed the elements in several vertical columns in order of increasing atomic mass

  3. The Periodic Table • constructed the first periodic table (1869) • -an organization of the chemical elements based on grouping the elements by similar properties • worked with about 60 elements • he left blank spaces in the table because there were no known elements with the appropriate properties

  4. The Periodic Table • Organized based on two characteristics: • atomic weight • Bonding power – the ratio of how an element combines with certain other elements on the periodic table

  5. The Periodic Table

  6. Patterns in the Periodic Table • All atoms are composed of: • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  7. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Protons • determine the element • Same as the atomic number • Found in the nucleus • Positive charge • Mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

  8. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Neutrons • Neutral • Found in the nucleus • Mass of 1 amu • An atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons is called an isotope • Example: • Carbon- 12 or Carbon- 14

  9. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Electrons • Negative charge • Found outside of the nucleus • Mass is very small • Controls the chemical behavior of an element • Valence electrons- the outer electrons that determine reactivity

  10. Patterns in the Periodic Table • Atomic number = number of protons=number of electrons • Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons • Average atomic mass- on periodic table, average of all of the isotopes masses

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