EPISTULAE

1. STAGE 35 EPISTULAE Grammar: Supine & Indirect Statements Cont. Culture: The Country Villa

2. The Supine • The supine is a defective 4th declension verbal formed on the same stem as the perfect passive participle. • Only 2 forms were in common use, the accusative & ablative. • Accusative case – must be carefully distinguished between • the perfect passive participle. It is used with verbs of motion • to indicate purpose. • Example: ībantRomamrogatumpecuniam – they were going • to Rome to ask for money. • Ablative case – used with neuter of certain adjectives to • indicate in what respect something is true. • Example: mirabiledictu - amazing to say; literally – amazing in • respect to saying • Example: facile factu – easy to do; literally – easy in respect to doing

3. The Supine • Accusative case – expresses purpose • Example: ad basilicamorationeshabitumvel ad curiamorationesauditumcontendo. • I hurry to the basilica to give speeches or to the curia to hear speeches. • Ablative case – used with neuter of certain adjectives to indicate in what respect something is true. • Example: • Caledoniisuntterribilesvisuaudituque. • The Caledonians are frightening to see and to hear.

4. The Supine • Practice: • Agricola militeslaudatumhortatumque per ordinesprocessit. • Agricola proceeded through the lines to praise and encourage the soldiers. • Epaphroditus per aulamfestinavitfugitivosquaesitum. • Epaphroditus hurried through the palace to look for the fugitives. • Diu cogitabamus quid esset optimum factu. • For a long time we were considering what might be the best thing to do. • Amici ad agrummeumcotidieveniunt me vexatum. • Friends come to my field everyday to annoy me. • Dei, si hoc fasestdictu, feliciores quam nosvidentur. • The gods, if this is morally right to say, seem happier than us. • PoetaMartialis ad Urbemversūsnovosrecitatumregreditur. • The poet Martial is returning to the city to recite new verses.

5. The Supine • The supine is rare in Latin; however, it is the 4th principal part of the verb and provides the stem for the perfect and future participles. • All vocabulary in Unit 4 will be presented with the verb’s 4 principal parts. • 1st person, singular, present tense • Infinitive • 1st person, singular, perfect tense • Supine

6. Indirect Statements Cont. • In Unit 1, you met sentences like: • “mercatormultampecuniamhabet,” inquit. • He says, “The merchant has a lot of money.” • “servifraudemparant.” • “The slaves are preparing a trick.” • Notice that the noun mercator &serviare in the nominative case and the verbs are habet & parant. • In Stage 35, you have met sentences like these: • Scimusmercatoremmultampecuniamhabere. • We know that the merchant has a lot of money. (Literally – We know the merchant to have a lot of money.) • Credo servos fraudemparare. • I believe that the slaves are preparing a trick. (Literally – I believe the slaves to be preparing a trick.) • In each example the statement is not being made but it is being reported or mentioned. • Notice that the nouns mercatorem & servos are now in the accusative case and the verbs are now in the infinitive.

7. Indirect Statements Cont. • Compare the following examples: DIRECT STATEMENTSINDIRECT STATEMENTS “captividormiunt.” centuriodicitcaptivosdormire. “The captives are asleep.” The centurion says that the captives are asleep. “Lupos in villa rustica habitat.” audio Lupum in villa rusticahabitare. “Lupos lives in a country house.” I hear that Lupus lives in a country house.

8. Indirect Statements Cont. • Compare the following examples: DIRECT STATEMENTSINDIRECT STATEMENTS “cenaparatur.” coquusdicitcenamparari. “dinner isbeing prepared.” The cook says that dinner is being prepared. “Serviinspiciuntur.” audio servos inspici. “The slaves are being inspected.” I hear that the slaves are being inspected. In these examples the verb in both statements is passive because a deponent verb is used in both . “miles mentitur”credimusmilitemmentiri. “The soldier is lying.” We believe that the soldier is lying.