Diffractive physics simulation for LHC

1. Diffractive physics simulation for LHC Marek Taševský (Physics Inst. Prague) In collaboration with Ch.Royon, A.Kupčo, M.Boonekamp Low-x workshop - Lisbon 29/06 2006 Upgrade of 240 m RP in ATLAS

2. Forward physics in ATLAS Originally oriented to 1. Luminosity calibration using Roman pots of Totem type 2. Luminosity monitoring using integrated Cerenkov det. LUCID To access the diffraction physics, the RPs need to be upgraded to detect the diffractive protons and to stay the radiation hardness. Hard diffraction, Soft diffraction, Double Pomeron Exchange can be studied using the central detector + RPs. Participating institutes: Saclay (Ch.Royon, M.Boonekamp, L.Shoeffel, O.Kepka et al.) Prague (A.Kupčo, M.T., V.Juránek, M.Lokajíček) Stony Brook (Michael Rijsenbeek) Cracow (group being formed)

3. Double Pomeron Exch. Higgs Production Exclusive DPE Higgs production pp p H p : 3-10 fb Inclusive DPE Higgs production pp  p+X+H+Y+p : 50-200 fb -jet (W+) E.g. V. Khoze et al M. Boonekamp et al. B. Cox et al. … V.Petrov et al. gap gap H h p p -jet (Wˉ) Advantages of Exclusive: Mh² measured in RP via missing mass as ξ1*ξ2*s bb: Jz=0 suppression of gg->bb bg | WW: bg almost negligible bb: L1-trigger of “central CMS+220 RP” type extensively studied by CMS/Totem group. WW: Extremely promising for Mh>130 GeV. Relevant triggers already exist. Better Mh resolution for higher Mh.

4. DPE Higgs event generators • DPEMC 2.4 (M.Boonekamp, T.Kucs, Ch.Royon, R.Peschanski) - Bialas-Landshof model for Pomeron flux within proton - Rap.gap survival probability = 0.03 - Herwig for hadronization - Exclusive+Inclusive processes 2. EDDE 1.2 (V.Petrov, R.Ryutin) - Regge-eikonal approach to calculate soft proton vertices -Sudakov factor to suppress radiation into rap.gap - Pythia for hadronization 3. ExHuMe 1.3.1 (J.Monk, A.Pilkington) - Durham model for exclusive diffraction (pert.calc. by KMR) - Improved unintegrated gluon pdfs - Sudakov factor to suppress radiation into rap.gap + rap.gap survival prob.=0.03 - Pythia for hadronization All three models available in the fast CMS simulation

5. Roman Pot acceptances on CMS side

6. Upgrade of 240 (220) m RP in ATLAS Main goal is to extend the forward physics program in ATLAS by very rich diffraction physics using the existing place for RPs at or close to 240 m. Complementary to FP420 program. o 220 or 240 m? Study the acceptances of RPs using MAD-X (complex program used by beam division) o What type of detector? o What’s the effect of the collimator at Q5 to be put at high lumi?

7. Proton tracking in LHC MAD-X (beam division) LHC optics v6.5, low β* Hector (Piotrzkowski, Favereau, Rouby from UCLouvain) LHC optics v6.5, low β* Beam apertures included, kickers switched off Linear approximation for effects of dispersion FPtrack(Bussey from Uni Glasgow) LHC optics v6.5, low β* Beam apertures and kickers included Exact magnet formulae for effects of dispersion All MAD-X pictures made by Sasha Kupčo from Prague

8. Elastic events at 240 m RPs FPTRACK MAD-X HECTOR Beam 1

9. Diffractive events at 240 m RP FPTRACK MAD-X HECTOR Beam 1

10. Diffractive events using MAD-X 220 m 240 m 420 m • MAD-X tracking • Beam 1 • β*=0.55m LHC optics, v6.5 • 420 has opposite orientation than 220 (240)

11. Diffractive events at 420 m RP FPTRACK MAD-X Beam 1 Orientation opposite because of opposite conventions in MAD-X and FPTRACK

12. Beam spots using MAD-X Numbers agree with those based on σ(s) = √β*(s)ε Simulated parameters: Trans.vtx positionσx,y = 16 μm Beam en. spread σE = 0.77 GeV Beam divergence σθx,θy = 30 μrad

13. Acceptance for 220 m RPs (beam1) • 0.02 steps in ξ • t=0.0 and 0.05 GeV² • 2x2 cm² detector has • acceptance of upto ξ ~ 0.16 • Detailed look at low ξ • 0.005 steps in ξ • σx = 96 μm

14. Acceptance for 240 m RPs (beam1) • 0.02 steps in ξ • t=0.0 and 0.05 GeV² • 2x2 cm² detector has • acceptance of upto ξ ~ 0.14 • Detailed look at low ξ • 0.005 steps in ξ • σx = 125 μm

15. Hit maps at 216 and 224 m RPs - Test of the idea of using a displacement for the L1 trigger to suppress beam halo. - No uniform shift direction between 216 and 224 m

16. First study of pile-up at 240 m RP Pile-up generated by Pythia msel=2 (diffr.+non-diffr. processes, but DPE missing) Assume 2x2 cm²active volume and 20 σ for distance from beam 2.5% of PU protons seen in RP at 240 m -> expect about 1 PU event/BX at highest luminosity Beam 1

17. Roman Pots Idea: follow Totem design Acceptance studies showed the horizontal pots only are needed Restudy the supports

18. Detectors - Very good space resolution (~ μm) useful to distinguish halo from signal. - Very good timing resolution (~ O(10) ps) useful to distinguish pile-up vertices from signal ones. - Good readout time (5 ns) Si strips / Micromegas: 1) Si strips: Advantage:fast readout (5 ns) Disadvantage: sensitivity of Si signal to EM noise Timing: provided by Cerenkov counters 2) Micro-Mesh-Gaseous Structure: Advantage:timing resolution of 1 ns, space resolution of 15 μm good behaviour in radiative env. insensitive to EM noise Disadvantage:gas circulation in tunnel (safety problem? the volume will be very small)

19. Summary • The project has started this year. All institutes need to submit it by October. 2) MAD-X installed and working in Prague: Acceptance studies ongoing. Fast simulation existing (beam parameters smeared, the detector ones to follow) 3) Roman Pots will use the Totem design. Need to decide what type of sensitive detectors to put in. They need to be included in ATLAS L1 trigger. 4) This project is complementary to FP420 and a natural follow-up of existing luminosity program in ATLAS. The forward physics programmes move ahead on both sides, CMS and ATLAS.

20. BACKUP SLIDES

21. Difference between DPEMC and (EDDE/ExHuMe) is an effect of Sudakov suppression factor growing as the available phase space for gluon emission increases with increasing mass of the central system Models predict different physics potentials !

22. Effect of pile-up events What is the number of fake signal events per bunch crossing (Nfake/BX) caused by PU events? Selection criteria for signal events (Higgs in DPE): [2 protons in RPs, each on opposite side] x [Jet cuts] x [Mass window] For the moment (till I get the final results), assume we can factorize the task the above way: Nfake = NRP * [Jet cuts] * [Mass window] Estimate of NRP: 1.Rough-but-Fast 2.Precise-but-Slow All RP acceptances are taken as means.

23. Phojet generation of PU events All processes 118 mb Non-diff.inelastic 68 mb Elastic 34 mb Single Diffr.(1) 5.7 mb Single Diffr.(2) 5.7 mb Double Diffr. 3.9 mb DPE 1.4 mb Number of pile-up events per bunch crossing (BX) Ξ NPU = Lumi x cross section x bunch time width = LHC bunches/filled bunches = 1034cm-2s-1x104cm2/m2 x 10-28m2/b x 110mb x 10-3b/mb x 25*10-9s X 3564/2808 ~ 35 5*1033 ~ 17.6 , 2*1033 ~ 7.0, 1*1033 ~ 3.5, 1*1032 ~ 0

24. Mix PU events with signal or bg – using FAMOS Sum RP acceptances over all possible proton pairs in all PU events in one BX and then look at mean over all signal or bg events. NPU properly smeared using Poisson dist. E.g. NRP420 = <ΣiNPU(n)ΣjNPU(n) AL420(i)xAR420(j)>n=5k signal or bg events Mean nr.of PU events with 2 p’s seen in opposite 420 RPs NRP estimate – precise method