Biology Quarter 1

1. Biology Quarter 1 EOC tested standards review SC.912.N.1.1

2. SC.912.N.1.1Benchmark clarifications • Students will: • Design/evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking/problem solving • Analyze/interpret data to make predictions and/or defend conclusions • Compare/contrast structure & function of various microscopes • Evaluate merits of scientific explanations produced by others • Assess reliability of sources of information according to scientific standards • Describe how scientific inferences are made from observation AND identify examples from biology

3. 1. Danielle conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different styles of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person in the experiment listened to seven different selections of music, for thirty seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music & than after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Danielle concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Danielle’s experiment? A. a question B. a manipulated variable C. a control group D. a description of the experiment

4. 2. Many plants and trees, with the help of a nitrogen-fixing bacteria, take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a usable form. A student wants to find out if the redbud tree helps to put nitrogen into the soil. She designs an experiment in which she measures the amount of nitrogen in the soil around redbud trees and pine trees, before and after nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added to the soil. What is a logical hypothesis for the student’s experiment? • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria increase soil nitrogen levels. • Redbud trees grow faster when soil nitrogen is present. • Redbud trees increase soil nitrogen levels with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria populations grow faster when soil nitrogen is present. Now, go back and analyze the student’s plan. What are possible flaws in the design of the experiment?

5. How should the student label the axes of a graph to illustrate the data from the nitrogen-fixing experiment?

6. Review the original Redbud scenario and answer these questions: What is the dependent variable in the experiment? • Tree type • Type of bacteria • Amount of soil measured • Amount of soil nitrogen measured Which of these is a biotic factor in the environment of a redbud tree? • Air temperature • The number of bees • The amount of sunlight • The amount of nitrogen in the air

7. 3. A researcher designed an investigation to test what effect eating different types of food would have on blood insulin levels. She selected 10 male subjects who were all 25 years of age and in good health. The experiment took place over 3 days. At 8:00AM on each day, the subjects ate a meal consisting of only 1 type of food. They had their blood insulin levels measured after consuming the meal. ON Day 1 they ate a diet high in fat, on day 2 they ate a high protein diet, and on Day 3, that ate a high sugar diet. What is the independent variable in this experiment? • The age of the subjects • The blood insulin level • The type of food consumed • The time of day the meal was consumed

8. 4. Caroline is designing an experiment to test the hypothesis that exposure to an increased level of ultraviolet radiation reduces the growth of corn plants. She has 200 corn seedlings planted in two groups of 100 seedlings each. She is trying to decide how much water, fertilizer, and ultraviolet radiation each group should receive. Which of the factors should she keep the same in both plant groups in order to successfully test the hypothesis? • Amount of fertilizer only • Amount of fertilizer and water • The amount of ultraviolet radiation only • The amount of fertilizer, water, and ultraviolet radiation

9. 5. Ants and beetles compete for resources in some elevations. Scientists collected leaf litter from different elevations. The scientists recorded the number of ants & the number of beetles found in the leaf litter at each elevation and created graphs showing the data. Which conclusion do the data BEST support? A. Ants are the prey species of beetlesB. Ants have high survival rates with fewer competitors.C. Ants have large populations when many beetles are in the communityD. Ants are more likely to survive at higher elevations that at lower elevations.

10. 6. Cells known as “chemoreceptors” respond to changes in the carbon dioxide level of the blood. When these chemoreceptors are stimulated, they send impulses that increase breathing. The increased breathing lowers the blood’s carbon dioxide level. The body typically functions best when the level of carbon dioxide is 40 mm Hg. When the chemoreceptors encounter carbon dioxide levels higher than this, they increase their activity. Which of these graphs best shows the relationship between level of carbon dioxide and chemoreceptor activity?

11. 7. A horticulturist hypothesized that if he increases the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air of his greenhouses, then his plants will absorb carbon more quickly. He collected the following data from an experiment performed on his plants. • Which statement is true about the data in the table? • The data supports the hypothesis because the plants grew more when the level of CO2 increased. • The data supports the hypothesis because the plants grew less when the level of CO2 increased. • The data contradicts the hypothesis because plants grew less when the level of CO2 increased. • The data contradicts the hypothesis because the plants grew more when the level of CO2 increased.

12. 8. The diagram below shows a setup for plant investigation. Which variable is most likely being tested? • Hours of light exposure • Plant species • Soil volume • Soil pH

13. 9. The graphs (below) show the results of 2 separate experiments on the same species of plant. Students now want to determine how the use of rainwater or bottlede water affects the growth of this plant. Which conditions should be used for optimal growth as the 2 water types are tested? • 20°C, 10 mL/day • 25°C, 35 mL/day • 30°C, 45 mL/day • 35°C, 20 mL/day

14. 10. These three samples from the same live bacterial culture were all viewed at the same magnification. Which conclusion is best supported by observation of these three samples? • The bacterial culture was unaffected by the chemical agent. • The sampling techniques used did not produce accurate data. • The culture became contaminated by airborne bacteria during the initial sampling • The culture included some bacteria that were resistant to the chemical agent.

15. 11. Many residents in a small town have developed a bacterial infection. Two students hypothesize that the bacteria are coming from the town’s drinking water. They look for the bacteria in water samples from the lake that supplies about 80% of the town’s drinking water. When they find no bacteria, the students conclude that the town’s residents are not getting the bacteria from their drinking water. Which is a source of error in the students’ experimental design? • Water from the lake was not tested for other possible pathogens. • Residents of other nearby towns were not tested for the bacteria. • The residents’ genetic predisposition for getting ill was not determined. • Other sources of drinking water were not tested for bacteria.

16. 12. A student plans to conduct an experiment to determine how a change in the pH of water affects the population growth rate of algae. To ensure that her experimental data are valid, she should: A. Hold the acidity of the water constant B. Vary the temperature of the water used C. control the final algae population sizes D. use the same species of algae in all trials