Midterm Review

1. Midterm Review “communication,” “meaning,” “codes,” and “culture” Be able to cite examples, and use them to illustrate how codes are used in culture to communicate meaning and value. You can also use an example that you come up with but only in addition to something from the class. Europe was ready for movable type Know specific references to social, political, economic, religious, and technical developments that were already in place at the time of the invention.

2. Explain how the invention and widespread use of printing from movable type may have helped to undermine communal thought and contribute to a “new sense of self.” • Include in your answer the “Great Chain of Being,” the act of reading, literacy, shifting conceptions of time and space, and the role Protestantism. • What do we mean by “communal thought?” • How did the printing press shift that? • How can literacy affect a personal sense of self?

3. The Penny Press – 1830s • Led to changes in the role the newspaper played in society. • The role of advertising • What did the penny press papers look like? • What was the content specifically? And why that particular content? • What was the editorial stance, especially of “The Sun” but also in general. • What were the unique marketing strategies of The Sun? • What were the social conditions at the time in New York City?

4. Advertising – a new science • By the 1900s, what was advertising trying to do? How had strategies changed? • Link products and services to people, places or experiences that we connect with as positive, or having positive connotations. • Use examples given in lecture in your answer. You can also bring in your own interpretations of other ad campaigns.

5. Public Relations • Describe Ivy Lee’s work for John D. Rockefeller during the Ludlow incident as an illustrative example of his principles and practice of "spin control.” • L Mlodinow's book Subliminal: How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior • Be able to describe and talk about the various types of studies and tests in the chapter and then synthesize these into a thesis on how our “unconscious” impulses are both needed and dangerous, and explain how we can overcome the negative results.

6. People’s Choice Study • Phonetic alphabet vs. ideograms • three factors that enhance the effectiveness of mass communication to either reinforce or change attitudes and beliefs. • Prof. Stanley went over some specifics in lecture – know them and be able to explain how they work to keep messages in our brain! Or change our minds.. These tactics have not changed. You need to be able to give an example in the past and in more modern times, or present.

7. “inverted pyramid style of reporting” • “illuminated manuscript” • The rest is really vocabulary. • Optional Bonus Question: • 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl named Nayirah testimony and the Citizens for a Free Kuwait campaign • Read http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html • To answer this, you must prepare in advance, doing a bit of outside research on the topic.