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Smart Energy Profile Distributed Energy Resources

Smart Energy Profile Distributed Energy Resources. Tom Herbst. Smart Energy Profile. Utility Protocol/Home Device Home Area Network (HAN) Has traditionally been developed in ZigBee Alliance. NAN. SEP. Smart Energy Profile. Residential/Small Business US, Canada, UK, Australia

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Smart Energy Profile Distributed Energy Resources

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  1. Smart Energy ProfileDistributed Energy Resources Tom Herbst

  2. Smart Energy Profile • Utility Protocol/Home Device • Home Area Network (HAN) • Has traditionally been developed in ZigBee Alliance NAN SEP

  3. Smart Energy Profile • Residential/Small Business • US, Canada, UK, Australia • Other Solutions • Germany – Wireless Mbus • Proprietary – Zwave • OpenADR • C&I Focused • 61850 • Electrical Substations

  4. Smart Energy Profile • Real time Power consumption info to home resident • Demand Response Load Shed requests • Thermostats (A/C or Electric Heat) • Electric Water Heaters • Pool Pumps • Price information • Electricity per kilowatt hour (TOU, Dynamic) • Display with any or all of this

  5. Smart Energy Profile • 1.0/1.1 – 802.15.4 (2.4ghz) ZigBee Specific • ZigBee Pro, ZigBee Cluster Libraries • 2.0 – mac/phy agnostic • IPv6, TLS, HTTP, XML, m-DNS, RESTful • Potentially DTLS, CoAP, investigating EXI encoding • Data elements defined in IEC TC57 - CIM • HomePlug & WIFI Alliances • CSEP

  6. Distributed Energy Resources • Solar • Storage - Battery • CoGen • Fuel Cell • Internal Combustion

  7. Utility Solar Generation

  8. Large Scale Solar • Requires distribution system study • May require system upgrades • Requires dedicated realtime monitoring and control • SCADA system – part of Distribution Automation – to a control console • 61850 • DNP3

  9. Residential Solar – SEP2.0

  10. Utility Issues with DER • No visibility to generation (Kw or Volts) by DER systems • Intermittent generation can introduce power grid instability – especially solar and wind • Impact of changing Inverter parameters unknown

  11. No Visibility to Generation • Need to provide “spinning reserve” when generation goes off line • Over voltage issues in high penetration neighborhoods • Inverters falling off – 1547 over voltage

  12. Metering • How much is being produced, when? • Revenue Grade • Power Purchase Agreements • Renewables Credits • Non-revenue grade • Useful for utility operations staff • Same structure as utility meter information • Common Display device

  13. DER Status • Generator/Inverter - server • ESI (utility meter) is a client • Detailed information about the configuration and state of the DER system • DC power • Temperatures • Much of the same info as in SunSpec • Could be used for monitoring

  14. Utility Issues – Intermittent Generation • VAR Support – may reduce voltage flux • Watt Curtailment may reduce impact of instability • Low Voltage ride through may prevent domino effect • EPRI – Common Functions for Smart Inverters

  15. DER Control • ESI - server/Inverter - Client • Perform Disconnect/Reconnect • Perform Watt Curtailment • Set low voltage ride through • Define volt/var curves • Instantiate volt/var curves • Some functions are randomized to avoid synchronized effects

  16. Price • Tiered/Block, TOU • Feed-in Tariff • Could be used to dispatch CoGen or storage discharge

  17. Why communications? • We don’t yet which combinations of parameters or settings will resolve the issues • Needs to be custom and changeable

  18. FERC/ISO/PUC • Utilities have an obligation to run a well managed grid • Must maintain delta between generation and load • Cal ISO $250M in fines for 2002/$11M PG&E • Discussions of requiring storage • Utilities are not required to accept interconnect

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