Injury Prevention Intervention Theory

1. Injury Prevention Intervention Theory Intermediate Injury Prevention Course August 23-26, 2011 – Billings, MT

2. Injury Prevention Intervention Theory Session Goals: • Review IP Intervention PH Principles • Review Intervention Development Models • Describe Haddon’s 10 Technical Strategies

3. IP Intervention Theory Public Health Principles in Review The Epidemiology Triangle Levels of Prevention Passive & Active Approaches Effective Strategies

4. IP Intervention Theory The Epi Triangle Injured Person Host Agent Environment Energy Physical Env. Social Env. Traditional Model Injury Model

5. IP Intervention Theory Levels of Prevention Primary: Seeks to prevent events that might result in injury1. (Pre - Event) Secondary: Directed at modifying the consequences of events in order to prevent or reduce the severity of injury1. (Event) Tertiary: Seeks to limit long-term impairments and disability2. (Post - Event) Source: 1. Injury Prevention - Meeting the Challenge 2 A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2nd Edition

6. IP Intervention TheoryPassive & Active Strategies Countermeasures that provide automatic protection without cooperation or action on the part of those being protected. Passive: Active: Countermeasures that require individual action on the part of those being protected. Source: Reducing the Burden of Injury

7. IP Intervention TheoryEffective Strategies Effective & Promising Strategies

8. IP Intervention TheoryProven Strategies What Doesn’t Work

9. IP Intervention TheoryIntervention Models 3Es Haddon Matrix

10. Education Enforcement Environment Combined Approach is Ideal

11. Haddon Matrix FACTORS Host Agent/ Physical Social Vehicle Environ. Environ. PHASES Pre-event Event Post-event

12. Haddon Countermeasures • 1962 Dr. Haddon developed 10 Countermeasures or Strategies designed to interfere with the energy transfer/injury process. • These 10 Strategies focus mainly on environmental change and engineering. • These 10 Strategies are another aid in helping to think about injury interventions.

13. Haddon CountermeasuresMotor Vehicles • Prevent the creation of the hazard • Don’t build a playground next to a highway • Reduce the amount of hazard • Lower temp of hot water heater

14. Haddon Countermeasures 3. Prevent the release of the hazard • Firearms stored in gun safes 4. Modify the rate of release of the hazard from its source • Seatbelts to control deceleration of occupants in a crash

15. Haddon Countermeasures 5. Separate the Hazard from that which is to be protected by time or space • Nighttime driving restrictions for beginning teen drivers • 6. Separate the Hazard from that which is to be protected by a physical barrier • Install 4-sided fencing around pools

16. Haddon Countermeasures 7. Modify relevant basic qualities of the hazard • Fire safe cigarettes, use safer baseballs and breakaway bases • 8. Make what is to be protected resistant to damage Encourage calcium intake and exercise to reduce osteoporosis and strengthen bones for preventing fractures from falls

17. Haddon Countermeasures 9. Begin to counter damage done by the hazard • provide emergency medical care; • 10. Stabilize, repair and rehabilitate the object of the damage • provide burn care; physical therapy

18. Haddon Countermeasures”Gallery Walk” • Participants will be divided into small groups and given 15 minutes to visit their assigned stations (each station represents one countermeasure) • Each group will be assigned 3-4 stations to visit • At each station, groups should review the countermeasure and use their handout to record intervention ideas

19. PublicHealth Approach • Prevention Implement & Evaluate Programs • What Works? Find what Prevents the Problem • Who, What? Identify Risk Factors • Surveillance Define the Problem Source: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC