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Chapter 16

Waves and Energy Transfer. Chapter 16. General definitions of vibrations and waves. Vibration : in a general sense, anything that switches back and forth, to and fro, side to side, in and out, off and on, loud and soft, or up and down is vibrating . A vibration is a wiggle in time .

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Chapter 16

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  1. Waves and Energy Transfer Chapter 16

  2. General definitions of vibrations and waves • Vibration: in a general sense, anything that switches back and forth, to and fro, side to side, in and out, off and on, loud and soft, or up and down is vibrating. A vibration is a wiggle in time. • Wave: a wiggle in both space and time is a wave. A wave extends from one place to another. • Vibrations and waves: the source of all waves is something that is vibrating. Waves are propagations of vibrations throughout space.

  3. 1. VIBRATION OF A PENDULUM • What does the period (T) depend upon? • Length of the pendulum (l). • Acceleration due to gravity (g). • Period does not depend upon the bob mass or the amplitude of the swing. Vibration of a pendulum. The to-and-fro vibratory motion is also called oscillatory motion (or oscillation).

  4. When oscillations are small, the motion is called simple harmonic motion (shm) and can be described by a simple sine curve.

  5. Wave PropertiesWavelength Wavelength, l, is the distance between two consecutive peaks.

  6. Wave PropertiesAmplitude Amplitude is the height of the wave above or below the equilibrium point.

  7. Wave PropertiesPeriod The wave period, P, this the time it take one wave to pass the observer.

  8. Wave PropertiesFrequency Frequency, f, is the number of waves passing a particular point in one second.

  9. Examples of Frequency • What is the frequency of the second hand of a clock? Frequency = 1cycle/60 sec Period = 60 sec What is the frequency of US Presidential elections? Frequency = 1 election/4 yrs Period = 4 yrs

  10. or In symbolic form

  11. Wave Motion, Speed, Type • Waves transfer energy, not matter, from one place to another (A Vibrating source transfers a disturbance) • Speed depends on type of vibrating source and medium through which it travels • Wave speed… We know v = d/t υ = f x  • The same type of wave moves at the same speed regardless of for  • For any wave, f is inversely proportional to 

  12. Wave Type Transverse waves vibrate across from direction of travel Longitudinal waves vibrate along the direction of travel (as in a spring)

  13. Homework! • HW - Read 1-10 Complete page 26 (Packet) • Slinky Lab Tomorrow!!

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