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Alexander Schulz & Nicolas Apostolopoulos Freie Universität Berlin

Explore the development and implementation of E-Exams at Freie Universität Berlin, including the E-Examination Unit and Center. Learn about the utilization of student devices, legal considerations, and exam center advancements.

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Alexander Schulz & Nicolas Apostolopoulos Freie Universität Berlin

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  1. Alexander Schulz & Nicolas ApostolopoulosFreie Universität Berlin 10 Years E-Exams at Freie Universität Berlin An Overview

  2. FU E-Examinations Structure • Development ofthe E-Examination Unit • The E-Examination Center • Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit • Further information

  3. Step I: Blended-Learning: The Statistical Lab (2003-2006) • Project New Statistics (Neue Statistik) • Improvingthestatisticaleducationbyusing a didacticaltool • Goal: makinge-learningwholisticby • usingthe Statistical Lab (Statistiklabor) not onlyduringthesemesteras a learningtool, but • as an examinationtoolaswellin an open-bookscenario

  4. Step I: Prototypal E-Examinations in Statistics (2003-2006) • Focus News Magazin 12/2005 of 03.21.2005, p. 98

  5. StepII: Extendingthe Topic „E-Examinations“ (2007 – 2010) • Project FU E-Examinations- „Digital LectureandExamination Hall“ • Evaluation ofe-examsoftwaresolutions • Renovation oflecturehallsintolaptopexaminationrooms • Identificationofthelegal topics • Goal: • Remedyformassivelyincreasedamountofexaminationsresultingfromtheeuropean Bologna Processfor all courseofstudies not onlystatistics • Wholistic e-learninguptotheexamination • Makeuseofstudents‘ laptops (BYOD) • Creatingthebasisfor a universitywideinstitutionalization

  6. Step II: Central PC-Pools and Laptop Examination Halls (2008) 1. Capacities (2008) Total:300 seatsCeDiSLecture Halls:221 seats ZEDAT Lecture Halls:79 PCs 2. Additional Capacities Total:117 PCs ZEDAT PC-Pools: 117 PCs

  7. Step II: Laptop ExaminationHalls (2008) JK 28/11260 seats JK 27/1472 seats JK 27/10346 seats JK 27/10643 seats

  8. Step II: Laptop Examination Halls in Use (2008) Examination in Statistics (Summer Semester 2008)Prof. U. Rendtel & Dr. A. Ghosh

  9. StepII: UsingStudent‘s Notebooks in a Nutshell (2010) • Advantages of BYOD: • High flexibility (whenandwhere) • Studentsusetheirdevices • University: • Reducedhardwarecosts • fewer PC-pools required • BYOD examinationhallscan also serve a normal lecture hall purpose • Disadvantagesof BYOD: • Hardware heterogenityofdevicesleadstohigherdemandfortechsupport • Technical configrequiredtoensuresafetyfromcheating on a BYOD • In Germany: legal concernsfromthe non-discriminationprecept

  10. FU E-Examinations Structure • Development ofthe E-Examination Unit • The E-Examination Center • Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit • Further information

  11. Step III: Implementation, institutionalizationandextension (since 2011) • Technical implementation: • 2011-2012: Conceptionandinstallationof a high performanceclusterfortheexamplattform (with LPLUS) • Constructionofthe E-Examination Center (EEC): • 2012-2013: Setting upthe E-Examination Center (EEC) • Bringingintoservice on Feb 2nd, 2013 with an examoftheformer vice presidentofFreie Universität Berlin: Prof. Dr. Klaus Beck • More than 150 computerstationsforexams • Most modern examinationcenter in Germany • Second largestcapacityof all examinationcenters in Germany

  12. Step III: The E-Examination Center - 3D-simulations in November 2011 Source: Gewers & Pudewill Architekten Berlin

  13. Step III: The EEC in January 2012

  14. Step III: The EEC in April 2012

  15. Step III: The EEC in October 2012

  16. Step III: The EEC in December 2012

  17. Step III: The firstE-Examinations in February2013

  18. Step III: Frame Conditions (2011-2014) • Setting a Support-Team: • Since 2011: 1,5 x scientificemployees • Since 2013: 1,5 x scientificemployees + 2 students • Legal Basis: • Since 2013: Basis for E-Examinations isregulated in theuniversitywide „Rahmenstudienprüfungsordnung (RSPO)“ (~ Legal Framework for Studies and Examinations at Freie Universität Berlin) • Operational Concept: • Fixed budgetfortheunit (firstuntil 2016)

  19. Step III: The E-Examination Center in a Nutshell (2011-2014) • Advantages: • Infrastructure entirely in ourhands • ConfigurabilityoftheExam-PCs • HomogenityofExam-PCs • Low personal costsforadministration • Disadvantages: • Initially high investment • Lowerflexibilityofthe hall (configurationforlegallysafeexaminations) • Follow-upinvestmentsinevitable

  20. Step III: Current Ratio ofthe EEC - Single Tests (ST) Sincetheinitiationofthe EEC in February 2013, 168 examinationswereconductedwithmorethan15.700 singletests (~ participantsexamined) .

  21. FU E-Examinations Structure • Development ofthe E-Examination Unit • The E-Examination Center • Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit • Further informations

  22. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  23. Topics ofthe E-ExaminationUnit: Logistics • Logistics • Original Question 2007: Howto deal withgroupsofparticipantsofupto600 ppl? • Educational Science, • Economic Science • Political Science • Psychology • AlteredQuestion 2012: Howto deal withgroupsofparticipantsofupto3,000 ppl? • Medical Science • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  24. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Didactics • Intention? • Howshouldthelearningcontentsbeexamined? • Testingfactualknowledgeorapplyknowledgeto a case? • TypesofExams(seeCrisp 2009) • Diagnosticalexams • Formative exams • Summativeexams • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  25. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Psychology • Examnervs • Reducingthemediadiscontinuity • Environment optimizedforconcentratedattention • Fundamental fears • Prejudice: technologyis not suffientlyreliable • Proceduresto deal withtheparticipants • Standardizedrhetoricalworkflowsfor • PC crashs • Evacuationofthebuilding in caseofemergency • Server Crashs (neverhappened) • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  26. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Legal Implications • Examinationregulations: • „The electronic examinationcanthus not beconsideredas a type of a writtenexamination (..)“ (seeNiehus/Fischer 2010)„Die elektronische Prüfung ist in diesem Zusammenhang nicht als eine Art schriftliche Prüfung zu verstehen (..)“ • Every facultyhasits individual examinationregulation • Every federallandhasspecificeducationregulations • Data protection • Minimizationofpersonal data • Storingofexaminationdatafor3 semestersonly • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  27. Topics ofthe E-ExaminationUnit: Quality and Efficiency (1) • Quality assurance: • Statistical evaluationofexaminationresults • Macroscopic: comparisonofstudents/cohorts • Microscopic: comparisonofquestions (item-total correlation) • Question log reports (whenandhowlongdid a studentrun a specificquestion?) • Improvingefficiency • Saving time (mostly) bybeingabletoreadthestudents‘ answers • Examsaremuchfasterevaluatedandthusmarked • Whicheffectscanbemeasuredwhenmigratingtraditional paper-pencilexamalmost 1:1 tocomputerbased e-examinations? • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  28. Topics ofthe E-ExaminationUnit: Quality and Efficiency (2) Jurisprudence: SR questions • Logistics • Technology • Didactics * Sample = 10 exams • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  29. Topics ofthe E-ExaminationUnit: Quality and Efficiency (3) Educational science: CR questions • Logistics • Technology • Didactics * Sample = 10 exams • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  30. Topics ofthe E-ExaminationUnit: Quality and Efficiency (4) • Logistics Amountof e-exams • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency Examinationduration in minutes • Senken der Einstiegshürden Research question (break even):Howmany e-examsarerequired per yeartoamortize a BATIIaposition? • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  31. SR Exams: Percentagedhigherrationalization Effectivelylowerrationalization Profitable onlybydoingmassesofexaminations CR Exams: Percentagedlowerrationalization Effectivelyhigherrationalization Profitable evenwithloweramountsofexaminations Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Quality and Efficiency in a Nutshell (5) • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  32. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Technology (1) • PCs: • Homogenous end userdevices (silent AIO Dell-PCs) • Standardized Windows 7 image (distributedfromacentralimagingserver) • Extra silent Cherry keyboards • Infrastructure andbasicsecurity • LAN connectiononly • Web access limited totheexaminationplatform • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  33. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Technology (2) • Examinationplatform (LPLUS) • Examinationplatform • 1 x productionsystem (dedicated) • 1 x testsystem (virtualized) DB Server 03 – Witness • Logistics DB Server 01 – Primary DB Server 02 - Mirror • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency NLB • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy App Server 02 App Server 01

  34. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Technology – ExaminationPlatform (1) • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Manypossiblequestiontypesintegrated • Freie Universität ispredominantly in thefieldofsocialsciences • Thus: 70% oftheexamsareconstructedresponse design • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  35. Topics ofthe E-Examination Unit: Technology – ExaminationPlatform (2) • ReduceRiskofCheating • Randomizationofquestionorder • Randomizationofanswerorder • Create different examsforanystudentfroma groupof „equal“ questions. • Secure Browser • Detectsbeingrun a VM • Availablefor Microsoft Windows only • Not in use at Freie Universität at themoment • Stability • Permanent connectiontotheexaminationserver • SR questionssavedimmediately on server • QR questionssavedevery 30secs on server (everyrevisionsavedseparately) • Logistics • Technology • Didactics • Psychology • Quality • and Efficiency • Senken der Einstiegshürden • Gewährleisten von Systemsicherheit • Legal QuestionsandData Privacy

  36. FU E-Examinations Structure • The e-examinationcentre • Development ofthedivision e-examinations • Topics ofthedevision e-examinations • Further information

  37. Further Information E-Examinations at Freie Universität Berlinhttp://www.e-examinations.fu-berlin.de Crisp, G. (2009): „Interactive e-Assessment: movingbeyond multiple choicequestions“, Online im Internet: http://eli.elc.edu.sa/2009/content/Crisp%5Bresearch%5D.pdf(last accessed 05/18/2012) Schulz, A. & Apostolopoulos, N. (2011): „E-Examinations PutTo Test – Potenziale Computergestützer Prüfungen“, in: „Hamburger eLearning Magazin - #07 eAssessment auf dem Prüfstand“, Online im Internet: http://www.uni-hamburg.de/eLearning/eCommunity/Hamburger_eLearning_Magazin/eLearningMagazin_07.pdf (last accessed 05/18/2012) Niehus, N. & Fischer, E. (2010): „Prüfungsrecht - 5. Auflage“, C.H. Beck, München, S.12ff. „Mehr Spaß beim Statistiklernen“, erschienen in: Focus 12/2005, vom 21.03.2005, S.98, Online im Internet: http://www.statistiklabor.de/de/news/Presseartikel/Focus-12-05/index.html (last accessed 05/18/2005) Schulz, A. & Apostolopoulos, N. (2014). E-Examinations at a Glance. Die Computerisierung des Prüfungswesens an der Freien Universität Berlin. In T. Škerlak, H. Kaufmann & G. Bachmann (Hrsg.), Lernumgebungen an der Hochschule. Auf dem Weg zum Campus von morgen (S. 283-298). Medien in der Wissenschaft, 66. Münster/New York: Waxmann. Resources, Literatur andSources

  38. Thankyouforyourinterest Alexander Schulz & Nicolas Apostolopoulos www.e-examinations.fu-berlin.de

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