The Divisive Debate Over Slavery Expansion in the US (1783-1860)

1. What is the known cause of the CW?

2. Slavery was the topic… But perhaps the bigger problem/question was who was to decide on the issue of slavery?

3. Who gets to decide if slavery is legal or not? • Who gets to decide where slavery is allowed (or not allowed)? Who gets to decide?

4. The United States has constantly grown (in terms of population and in land acquisition) from 1783-1860 • Examples of expansion? • How we got the land? The state of affairs…

6. While this land expansion benefited the United States… • How? • It also created controversy. The state of affairs…

7. Each new piece of land became a piece of the United States that needed to be governed. • Whose job was it to govern the new lands? • What three choices do we have? • 1. • 2. • 3. • Which level is the most powerful? • Which impacts your daily life the most? The state of affairs…

8. So should it be… • The federal government that decides about slavery? • The state government that decides about slavery? • Or should slavery be decided by popular sovereignty (the people that live in that specific area)? The state of affairs…

9. Look at your map. • Label three post-its (Federal, State, People) • Put the correctly labeled post-it where it belongs on the map.Ex. Where did STATE government make a decision about slavery?

10. How did the issue of slavery get resolved before this land expansion?

14. Bottom line, what this means is that every time the US gained more land the debate came up which of the three would decide about slavery. Federal, State or Pop. Sov.

15. At the same time (1783-1860) Some Americans began to develop strong, nationalistic feelings while others developed strong sectionalist feelings. (what does this mean?)

16. Principal A: No homework for the rest of the year for all 7th graders. • Principal B: All 7th and 8th graders will have one test in every subject per week for the rest of the year. • Principal C: One core subject class will be held outside each day for the rest of the year; 8th grade only. Select One

17. WHY?

18. North West South

19. North West South

20. US Land Expansion 1783-1860 North West South

21. Favoring the interests of one region (N,S,W) over the interests of the entire country (U.S.) • Did sectionalism exist in the 1800’s? • Growing divide among the young United States Sectionalism

22. Those from the North supported decisions that helped… • manufacturing, industry and anti-slavery • Those from the South supported decisions that helped… • farming, agricultural tools, slavery • Those from the West supported decisions that helped… • mining, relations with Native Americans and Spanish Sectionalism

23. What do you think the number one issue that divided the nation and spurred the sectionalist movement was (1783-1860)? Sectionalism

24. Who’s to decide? Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government

25. Slavery did NOTcause the Civil War With the increased movement of people and their ideas/beliefs…the issue of who was going to decide about slavery GREW Slavery

26. Who’s to decide? This decision of who should decide is not so easy. Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government

27. Who’s to decide? President Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government (People that live there) Supreme Court Congress

28. Who’s to decide? Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government Compromise

29. Complete the Compromises chart (p. 5 of unit packet) • Using the textbook • Identify: • when the compromise was made • what the compromise did/components of the compromise (relative to slavery) • how the compromise dealt with slavery (allowing it to spread? What lands the compromise impacted? tried to slow the spread of slavery? tried to stop slavery?) • Review/Check answers via Smart Notebook Federal Govt. attempt - Compromise

30. Capitol Expectations

33. May 22, 1856

34. Who’s to decide? Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government

35. V.S.

36. Slave • Moves from slave state (VA, AL, MO) to free state (IL, MN territory) with owner • Sued for his freedom based on his time in free territories – Dred Scott v. Sanford (1846) • Reaches U.S. Supreme Court • Decision March 6, 1857 • Refuse to free Scott • Emerson (owner) finally frees Scott and he lives out his life in St. Louis (MO) Dred Scott

37. Blacks were not citizens; therefore, • Scott had no right to sue • Nor did the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to make a decision • Words of governing documents (U.S. Constitution, Dec. of Ind., Bill of Rights) were not meant to include “negroes” • Slaves were personal property; therefore, • Could not be lost upon entering new states/territories • Message: “You have no future in America” • Missouri Compromise officially declared unconstitutional by the DSD Chief Justice Taney Reports…

38. Who’s to decide? Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government State Government

39. The men who wrote the Constitution fought passionately over the balance of power between the states and the federal governments. (b/c after breaking away from GB, there was a concern about how much power the federal government should have; Articles of Confederation vs. U.S. Constitution) When the Bill of Rights was added, the 10th Amendment provided that powers not given to the federal government remain with the states or the people. Much like the Founders, we continue to debate the proper balance between national and state powers. States’ Rights

40. * Print money • * Regulate interstate (between states) and international trade • * Make treaties and conduct foreign policy • * Declare war • * Provide an army and navy • * Establish post offices • * Make laws necessary and proper to carry out the these powers Federal Powers What can the federal government makes decisions about?

41. The rights and powers held by individual U.S. states rather than by the federal government. Ex. driving age, legal age to buy cigarettes, gun laws, speed limits, child labor laws States’ RightsWhat are they? Voting Age – Fed. =18/ State=their choice

42. Who was in favor of states having the power – N or S? (why?)

43. Who’s to decide? Federal GovernmentState GovernmentLocal Government Local Government

44. Political power belongs to the people (people decide by voting) • Senator Lewis Cass (Michigan) • Each state in the east was given a choice on the issue of slavery, why not new territories (Mexican Cession, Louisiana Purchase) • 1840’s Popular Sovereignty

45. As new lands (territories or states) entered into the United States residents from northern states and southern states flocked to those areas. Why? • To influence the vote on the issue of slavery • Violence erupts Territories

46. Taking matters into their owns hands…

47. The public begins to spread their beliefs about slavery – both for and against - through…

48. Abolitionists used the stories of fugitive slaves to gain sympathy for their cause (slave narratives) • Uncle Tom’s Cabin – fiction novel • Evils of slavery • Brought an awareness and shock to northerners • Created “two million abolitionists” • Outraged southerners Harriet Beecher Stowe

49. 2. Fiction novel: 3. Date published: 4. Purpose of novel: 5. South’s reaction to novel: 6. Copies sold (by 1862): 7. Think about the books you read today. How do you know what to believe in a fiction story? 1.

50. Abolitionist Aaron Stevens, Writing to His Brother in 1858, Warns That Slavery Will Only Be Done Away with “By the Sword” Read Letter Part 1