Plagiarism defined :

1. PLAGIARISM Giving Credit Where Credit is Due!-- taken from Joyce Brannon’s “Plagiarism.” PowerPoint Presentation & Joyce Valenza’s “What is Plagiarism?” (See works cited). (Internet downloads)

2. The act of presenting another’s work or ideas as your own. Plagiarism defined: The word “plagiarism” comes from the Latin plagiarus meaning “kidnapper” PoliticsNJ, The Pulblis Group, Hoboken, NJ. http://www.politicsnj.com/plagerism090903.htm.

3. Why is plagiarism important? Who really cares? • Plagiarism is theft of intellectual property. • Plagiarism is cheating. • Plagiarism may result in receiving a failing grade or zero for the assignment. • Plagiarism could result in a disciplinary referral (detention/suspension).

4. Think about this… • What if: • Your architect cheated his way through math class. Will your new home be safe? • The accountant who does your taxes hired someone to write his papers and paid a stand-in to take his major tests? Does he know enough to complete your tax forms properly? (Lathrop and Foss 87)

5. Do I have to cite everything?

6. Hooray for common knowledge! Nope! • Facts that are widely known, or • Information or judgments considered “common knowledge” Do NOT have to be documented. • BUT If YOU don’t know it, CITE IT!!

7. Examples of common knowledge • Hosni Mubarak resigned from the presidency in 2011. • World War II started in 1939. If you see a fact in three or more sources, and you are fairly certain your readers already know this information, it is likely to be “common knowledge.” But when in doubt, cite! (You’ll never get in trouble for citing!)

8. No need to document when… • You are discussing your own experiences, observations, or reactions • Compiling the results of original (your own) research, from science experiments, surveys, etc. • You are using common knowledge

9. What’s the big deal? Wrong! Paraphrasing original ideas without documenting your source, is plagiarism too! If I change a few words, I’m okay, right?

10. Some of the things that you think you know about plagiarism may be wrong. It does not matter if the person whose work you have cited is alive or dead. If it is not your own idea, you must cite your source! If you translate or paraphrase something, you must still give a citation. If you use a picture from the Internet, you must cite the source.

11. Unintentional • Careless paraphrasing • Poor documentation • Quoting excessively • Failure to use your own “voice” • STILL PLAGIARISM Intentional - Copying a friend’s work - Buying or borrowing papers • Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting • “borrowing” without documentation Two types of plagiarism:

12. Excuses Everyone does it! It’s okay if I don’t get caught! I was too busy to write that paper! (Family, big game, too much homework!) This assignment was BORING! I’ve got to get into University!!!! My parents expect “A”s! BUT I CHANGED THE WORD “good” TO “great”! Image: http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=crazy+student&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=561&tbm=isch&tbnid=eIOcSW3P3lBWVM:&imgrefurl=http://www.aceonlineschools.com/half-of-college-students-have-a-psychiatric-disorder/&docid=WUWzHp9fuTzNOM&imgurl=http://aceonlineschools.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/crazy.jpg&w=720&h=540&ei=ua-PUNrnPMfbsgbh6oG4DA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=557&vpy=160&dur=1400&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=160&ty=143&sig=116322350375136003129&page=2&tbnh=160&tbnw=210&start=12&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:12,i:130

13. You may have been told that if you put something into your own words, you need not cite. This is incorrect. The material is still someone else’s idea and requires acknowledgement. Paraphrasing requires a citation.

14. Example of University Policy on Plagiarism - Is it against the law? Yes. - How is it applied at the college level? Most schools and universities have policies on cheating and plagiarism. University of Louisiana at Monroe’s policy is very clear: First offense: failing grade on assignment Second offense: failing grade for the course Third offense: suspension/Expulsion

15. Quotations Quotations are the exact words of an author, copied directly from a source, word for word. Quotations must be cited! Use quotations when: • You want to add the power of an author’s words to support your argument • You want to disagree with an author’s argument • You want to highlight particularly eloquent or powerful phrases or passages • You are comparing and contrasting specific points of view • You want to note the important research that precedes your own Carol Rohrbach and Joyce Valenza

16. Quotations should be used sparingly. They must be exact, word-for-word as they appear in the original document. Quotes require a citation in addition to the use of quote marks. Every quoted word needs to be cited. Even a short phrase or single word must be quoted and cited if it is unusual. “pretzeled logic” “clandestine coup”

17. Avoiding Plagiarism - Use your own work as often as possible. Quoting and citing sources is usually required and inevitable when doing research -- that's how you "back up" your own work. But using someone else's work excessively can be construed as plagiarism. - Another way to it is to quote and/or cite your sources properly.

18. Types of Plagiarism: Copying The most well-known and, sadly, the most common type of plagiarism is the simplest: copying. If you copy someone else's work and put your name on it, you have plagiarized.

19. Copying: An Example This one is pretty straightforward. If a writer copies, word for word, the text from Dr. Zimbardo's book and does not acknowledge in any way that it was Dr. Zimbardo's work, the writer has committed plagiarism.

20. Types: Patchwork Plagiarism The second kind of plagiarism is similar to copying and is perhaps the second most common type of plagiarism: patchwork plagiarism. This occurs when the plagiarizer borrows the "phrases and clauses from the original source and weaves them into his own writing" (McConnell Library, Radford University) without putting the phrases in quotation marks or citing the author.

21. Patchwork: An Example With regard to children, they are totally insensitive to their parents' shyness. Rare is the child who labels a parent shy. It is easy to understand this, since the parents are in positions of control and authorityin their own homes and may not necessarily show their shy side to their children. Moreover, since shyness is viewed as unfavorable by most children, it may be threateningfor them to think of their parents in that light. During the formative years, the parent is idealized as all-knowing and all-powerful -- not dumb, ugly, or weak.

22. Patchwork: An Example Now, had the "author" of this passage put the colored phrases in quotation marks and added a citation after the quotation, like (Zimbardo 62), the "author" would have been safe. Without the quotation marks and the proper citation, the "author" has committed plagiarism.

23. Testing: An Example • Copying off of someone’s test… • Trying to find the test ahead of time… • Skipping a test day so that you can ask your classmates what was on the test… • Someone from 8B asking 8A what was on the test… …IS PLAGIARISM/ACADEMIC DISHONESTY

24. Unintentional Plagiarism unintentional plagiarism-- occurs when the writer incorrectly quotes and/or incorrectly cites a source they are using.  How is this plagiarism, if the author didn't mean to do it?

25. Unintentional Plagiarism If a writer has incorrectly quoted or incorrectly cited a source, it could be misconstrued as dishonesty on the writer's part. The dishonest usage of another's work is most often considered plagiarism. Therefore, the incorrect usage of another's work, whether it's intentional or not, could be taken for "real" plagiarism. Also: WE DON’T READ MINDS. We don’t know what you *MEANT* to do!

26. MLA Style Quotations Indirect: Some researchers note that "children are totally insensitive to their parents' shyness" (Zimbardo 62). Direct: Zimbardo notes that “children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (62). Paraphrasing: Some researchers have observed that children seem unaware that their parents are considered bashful (Zimbardo 62).

27. MLA Style Citations Book Zimbardo, Philip G. Shyness: What It Is, What To Do About It. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books, 1977. Print. Essay/Chapter in a Book Swanson, Gunnar. "Graphic Design Education as a Liberal Art: Design and Knowledge in the University and The 'Real World.'" The Education of a Graphic Designer. Ed. Steven Heller. New York: Allworth Press, 1998. 13-24. Print. ** Many of these examples came from the OWL at Purdue **

28. To help you with citing: www.citationmachine.net

29. QUESTIONS?