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The microbial world

Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microbial world. S. Cerevisiae (yeast). Classifying Life. Taxonomy – branch of biology concerned with grouping and naming organisms. Historical Classification Systems Used only morphological characteristics Anatomy Physiology Fossil record.

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The microbial world

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  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis The microbial world S. Cerevisiae (yeast)

  2. Classifying Life Taxonomy – branch of biology concerned with grouping and naming organisms • Historical Classification Systems • Used only morphological characteristics • Anatomy • Physiology • Fossil record • Current Classification System • -Uses genetic sequences (DNA, RNA, protein) • -along with morphological data

  3. Classifying Life Current Classification System • 3 Domain System • Bacteria and Archaea domains contain prokaryotes • Domain Eukarya split into supergroups Bacteria Archea Eukarya Alveolata Excavata Rhizariao Stramenpila Plantae Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Eukarya further grouped into kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species Group organisms based on evolutionary relatedness

  4. Microbial World Exploring microbial diversity Metagenomics - study of all the DNA in a particular environment DNA is isolated and sequenced Can be used to identify and group the organisms, as well as indicate functionality Minnesota Mississippi Metagenomics Project Project examining the microbial diversity along the Mississippi River

  5. Domain Bacteria - The Cyanobacteria example: Gleocapsa Prokaryotic –no membrane-enclosed organelles (no nucleus) Autotrophic (“self feeding”) – makes organic molecules from inorganic ones. Phototrophic – obtain energy from light

  6. Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Eulgenozoa example: Euglena Mixotroph - obtains food from inorganic sources and organic sources (other living organisms) Stigma (eye-spot) Flagellum

  7. Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Viridiplantae Phylums Chlorophyta & Streptophyta Photoautotrophic – photosynthesizes Closely related to plants Example: Chlamydomonas Example: Spirogyra Example: Volvox

  8. Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Alveolata examples: Paramecium and Blepharisma Heterotrophic (“other feeding”) – ingests other organisms Chemotrophic – obtain energy from oxidation of organic molecules

  9. Phylum Rhizopoda example: Amoeba Chemoheterotrophic – engulfs prey phagocytosis pinocytosis Pseudopodia (“false feet”) -Cytoplasmic extensions

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