220 likes | 239 Views
Chapter 3 Cells. Section 1 Cell Structure p. 70 - 77. A. Common cell structures. All cells, regardless of the type have these two things: An outer covering called a cell membrane Internal gelatin-like cytoplasm. 1. Comparing cells. Size and shape relate to function.
E N D
Chapter 3 Cells Section 1 Cell Structure p. 70 - 77
A. Common cell structures All cells, regardless of the type have these two things: • An outer covering called a cell membrane • Internal gelatin-like cytoplasm
1. Comparing cells • Size and shape relate to function
Prokaryotic cells - Lack membrane bound internal structures One celled organisms like bacteria Eukaryotic cells - Have membrane bound internal structures called organelles All advanced cells like protists, fungi, plants and animals 2. There are two cell types
B Cell Organization • 1. Cell Wall – Composed of cellulose, grows, changes shape, and protects the cells of plants, algae, and most bacteria
B Cell Organization • 2. Cell Membrane – Protective layer around all cells a. For cells with cell walls the cell membrane is inside the cell wall b. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell
3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells • A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape
3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells • A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape • B. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life processes.
Organelles • 4. Nucleus– contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA
Organelles • 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work
Organelles • 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work • a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis
Organelles • b. Organelles which release the energy stored in food are called mitochondria • 5. Energy processing organelles • - help cells do their work • a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis
Organelles • 6. Manufacturing organelles • A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities
Organelles • 6. Manufacturing organelles • A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities • B. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum (a series of smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell)
Organelles • 7. Transporting and storing organelles • A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell
Organelles • 7. Transporting and storing organelles • A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell • B. Vacuoles – membrane-bound temporary storage spaces
Organelles • Lysosomes - Recycling organelles, break down food molecules and cell wastes
C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit
C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.
C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ.
C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. • 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system.
C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. • 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system. • Organism – the organ systems work together to form the entire organism.