Chapter 3 Cells

1. Chapter 3 Cells Section 1 Cell Structure p. 70 - 77

2. A. Common cell structures All cells, regardless of the type have these two things: • An outer covering called a cell membrane • Internal gelatin-like cytoplasm

3. 1. Comparing cells • Size and shape relate to function

4. Prokaryotic cells - Lack membrane bound internal structures One celled organisms like bacteria Eukaryotic cells - Have membrane bound internal structures called organelles All advanced cells like protists, fungi, plants and animals 2. There are two cell types

5. B Cell Organization • 1. Cell Wall – Composed of cellulose, grows, changes shape, and protects the cells of plants, algae, and most bacteria

6. B Cell Organization • 2. Cell Membrane – Protective layer around all cells a. For cells with cell walls the cell membrane is inside the cell wall b. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell

7. 3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells • A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape

8. 3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells • A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape • B. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life processes.

9. Organelles • 4. Nucleus– contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA

10. Organelles • 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work

11. Organelles • 5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work • a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

12. Organelles • b. Organelles which release the energy stored in food are called mitochondria • 5. Energy processing organelles • - help cells do their work • a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

13. Organelles • 6. Manufacturing organelles • A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities

14. Organelles • 6. Manufacturing organelles • A. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities • B. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum (a series of smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell)

15. Organelles • 7. Transporting and storing organelles • A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell

16. Organelles • 7. Transporting and storing organelles • A. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell • B. Vacuoles – membrane-bound temporary storage spaces

17. Organelles • Lysosomes - Recycling organelles, break down food molecules and cell wastes

18. C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit

19. C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.

20. C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ.

21. C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. • 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system.

22. C. From cell to organism • Cell – smallest unit • 1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job. • 2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. • 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system. • Organism – the organ systems work together to form the entire organism.