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Mathias Schaeli Head Legal Services International Trade Relations

GI- Extension: The Solution for Developing an Appropriate International Legal Framework for the Protection of Geographical Indications. Mathias Schaeli Head Legal Services International Trade Relations Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property www.ipi.ch / mathias.schaeli@ipi.ch.

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Mathias Schaeli Head Legal Services International Trade Relations

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  1. GI-Extension: The Solution for Developing an Appropriate International Legal Framework for the Protection of Geographical Indications Mathias Schaeli Head Legal Services International Trade Relations Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property www.ipi.ch / mathias.schaeli@ipi.ch International Symposium on Geographical Indications Jointly organized by WIPO and SAIC (Beijing, 26-28 June 2007) WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  2. Contents • Key issue under international negotiation: • “GI-extension” • Additional action at the national level • Adequate protection and inventories • Relationship between GIs and trademarks WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  3. Swiss watches made in Russia L’Etivaz style cheese Made in USA Australian Chianti Long Jin tea, From Malaysia Jamaican Jerk from Trinidad WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  4. WTO / Negotiations on GIs GI-Extension Roll-back List (Agri) Multilatéral Register Better protection for GIs WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  5. The two levels of protection for GIs in the TRIPS Agreement • Standard protection of Article 22 for all products, protection only if: • Public is misled by the incorrect use of the GI • Incorrect use of the GI constitutes an act of unfaircompetition • Additional protection of Art. 23 for wines and spirits: • Protection against a simpleusurpation of the GI • Protection of the GI even if translated • Use of delocalizingexpressions such as ‘kind’, ‘type’, ‘style’, ‘imitation’ or the like are prohibited WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  6. The proposal for extension (IP/C/W/353) • The protection of Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement should apply to geographical indications for all products • The multilateral register to be established should be open for geographical indications for all products • The exceptions contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement should apply mutatis mutandis WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  7. Communications WTO/TRIPS on extension • In favor of extension: IP/C/W/204/Rev.1; IP/C/W/247/Rev.1;IP/C/W/308/Rev.1; IP/C/W/353; TN/C/W/7;TN/C/W/14 ; TN/C/4 ; TN/C/W/21 – GC/W/540;JOB(05)/61; TN/C/W/26 - WT/GC/547 (UE) • Opposed to extension: IP/C/W/289; IP/C/W/360 and 386;IP/C/W/395; JOB(05)/8 (Australia) .... available under: www.ipi.ch and www.wto.org WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  8. Timeframe of the negotiations Before Nov. 2001 TRIPS Council - Article 24.1 November 2001 Doha Declaration – Para.18 Feb. – Nov. 2002 TRIPS Council – TNC Decision Jan. – Aug. 03 TNC – Consultations on implementation issues September 2003Cancun Ministerial Conference July 2004 Decision of the General CouncilMandate for further consultations till May ’05; GC to take appropriate action till July ‘05 December 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference June/July 2007 Text on modalities ? ? End of the Doha Round WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  9. Main Swiss Laws and Regulations • Federal Law on the Protection of Trademarks and Indication of Source of 28 August 1992 (RS 232.11)=> PROTECTION FOR ALL PRODUCTS WITHOUT REGISTRATION • Federal Law on Agriculture of 29 April 1998 (RS 910.1) • Ordinance on the Protection of PAOs and PGIs in respect of Agricultural Products and Processed Agricultural Products of 28 May 1997 (RS 910.12)=> REGISTRATION SYSTEM WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  10. Definition • Protection against: • the use of incorrect indications of source; • the use of designation that may be confused with incorrect indications of source; • the use of a name, address or trademark on goods or services of different origin where this could be deceptive. • Judicial measures, such as: • imprisonment up to one year; • fine of up to CHF 100’000.--, or • nullity of the trademark registration. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  11. Ordinance on PAOs and PGIs for Agricultural Products and Processed Agricultural Products • PAOs/PGIs - similarities • origin in a defined region or place • specific qualities • delimited area of production • PAOs/PGIs - differences • PAO: all fabrication steps within the defined areaPGI: at least one fabrication steps within the defined area • etc. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  12. WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  13. Function of TMs and GIs • Trademarks distinguish the goods of one undertaking from goods of other undertakings. - It shall be distinctive and not descriptive.- It is the exclusive right of the producer. • Geographical indications (GIs) refer to a geographical region and identify products with quality/reputation given by their geographical origin. - Collective right of all the producers of a given good that are located in the geographical area. L’ETIVAZ WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  14. Function of Trademarks The TM shalldistinguish the goods of one producer from goods of other producers  The TM shall not be descriptive Difficulty to protect geographical names as trademarks Geographical names often registered in combination with a distinctive sign (logo) Problem with the exclusivity right to use the name WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  15. Trademarks and GIs: two complementary rights with specific characteristics… Trademarks • Distinctive signs (non descriptive)May guaranty the geographical origin (no obligation) • Individual approach (principle) • CTM cannot be used by right holder • May be produced everywhere • Examination based on absolute or relative grounds GIs • Indicate the geographical origin of the goods • Guaranty the geographical origin • Collective approach • Producers ownership • Production necessary linked to a territory • Often procedure of examination with «public» consultations WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  16. Trademarks and GIs – time solutions: example of L’Etivaz (AOC) Guaranty Trademark a Swiss WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  17. Trademarks and GIs – Complementary: Example of Tête de moine (AOC) Swiss Trademarks WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  18. Trademarks and GIs – Complementary: Champagne (AOC) CHAMPAGNE French GI Several Trademarks used by the different producers WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  19. TM-Offices can play useful role for good relationship between TM and GIs ALASKA Eaux minérales CUSCOCacao CH 501 173 cl. 29 :produits laitiers, à savoir fromage bénéficiant de l’AOC «Sbrinz». IR 714593, cl. 32 : boissons à base d’eau gazeuse et de jus de pommes; tous les produits précités provenant de la région du Bodensee. Cl. 18 et 25, produits de provenance des USA WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

  20. An adequate protection of geographical indications at the international level: An issue that is in the interest of ALL OF US! For more information or questions: mathias.schaeli@ipi.ch and www.ige.ch WIPO GI-Symposium, Beijing, June 2007 - Mathias Schaeli

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