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Chapter 23: Diseases of Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems

Explore bacterial, viral, protozoa, and helminthic diseases affecting the circulatory system, including symptoms, causes, and treatment options for various conditions. Learn about septicemia, endocarditis, plague, typhus, viral diseases, and filariasis.

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Chapter 23: Diseases of Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems

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  1. Chapter 23: Diseases of Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Cardio/ lymphatic systems Bacterial diseases Viral diseases Protozoa diseases Helminthic diseases

  2. Circulatory system Components:  Heart  Blood vessels  Arteries  Veins  Capillaries  Microbes and toxins persisting in blood= septicemia  Systemic inflammatory response syndrome= sepsis

  3. The lymphatic system Components:  Lymph capillaries  Collects plasma/ interstitial fluid/ microbes from tissues  Lymphatics lead to lymph nodes  Macrophage, T and B cells reside here  Swollen lymph nodes are buboes

  4. Lymphangitis and septicemia/ sepsis

  5. Infective endocarditis

  6. Infective subacute endocarditis Symptoms Fever Heart murmur Fibrin platelet vegetations Causes Alpha-hemolytic streptococcoci staphylococci enterococci Acute endocarditis usually caused by S. aureus

  7. Bacillus anthracis- anthrax

  8. Yersinia pestis- plague Types Bubonic plague Septicemic plague Pneumonic plague

  9. Human US Plague distribution

  10. World-wide plague distribution

  11. Rickettsia rickettsii- Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Tick-borne typhus) Symptoms Typhus infects endothelial cells of vascular system Rash similar to measles, but also on hands and feet Fever and headache Kidney and heart failure (3%)

  12. Epstein-Barr Virus (herpes virus 4) EB Viral diseases Burkitt’s lymphoma Infectious mononucleosis Possibly linked to: MS Hodgkin’s disease Nasopharyngeal cancer

  13. Viral hemorrhagic fevers Classic Yellow fever Dengue & DHF Virus Vector Resovoir Flavivirus Aedes aegypti Flavivirus • A. aegypti A. albopictus Monkeys No known reservoir • Emerging Marburg Ebola Lassa fever Argentine hemorrhagic fever Filovirus Filovirus Arenavirus Arenavirus Monkeys (?) Monkeys (?) Rodents Rodents • • • • Bolivian hemorrhagic fever Arenavirus Rodents • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hantavirus Rodents •

  14. Leishmaniasis Etiologic agent: Leishmania (several species) - euglenozoans

  15. Leishmaniasis Disease Visceral leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Fatal if untreated Papule that ulcerates and scars Disfiguring Causative agent Leishmania donovani L. tropica L. braziliensis Vector Sandflies Sandflies Sandflies Reservoir Small mammals Small mammals Small mammals Treatment Amphotericin B or miltefosine Amphotericin B or miltefosine Amphotericin B or miltefosine Geographic distribution Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia Asia, Africa, Mediterranean, Central America, South America Rain forests of Yucatan, South America

  16. Malaria Etiologic agent: Plasmodium (most common species falciparum) - apicomplexans

  17. Schistosomiasis  Caused by small flukes of the genus Schistosoma  Feces carrying eggs get into the water supply • Snails serve as the intermediate host  Cercariae released from the snail penetrate the skin of humans  Eggs shed by adult schistosomes in the host lodge in tissues, forming granulomas  Schistosoma haematobium: urinary schistosomiasis; found in Africa and Middle East  Schistosoma japonicum: intestinal inflammation; found in Asia  Schistosoma mansoni: intestinal inflammation; found in South America

  18. Wuchereria bancrofti- filariasis or elephantiasis Characteristics Round worm transmitted by mosquito Peripheral BV during night, deep vessels during day Blockage of lymph vessels leads to elephantiasis

  19. HIV Figure 19.15

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