1 / 14

Isotopes

Isotopes. Isotopes are forms of the same element but with different #s of neutrons ex. All forms of Carbon still have same atomic # (protons) BUT the # of neutrons can differ C 12 C 13 C 14 6p 6p 6p +6n +7n +8n. Mass Number, Atomic Mass and Atomic Number.

diamond
Download Presentation

Isotopes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Isotopes Isotopes are forms of the same element but with different #s of neutrons ex. All forms of Carbon still have same atomic # (protons) BUT the # of neutrons can differ C12 C13 C14 6p 6p6p +6n +7n +8n

  2. Mass Number, Atomic Mass and Atomic Number Mass Number: # of protons and neutrons. It’s a whole number (12 for Carbon) Atomic Mass: -average mass of the element’s isotopes. It’s a decimal Atomic # (# of protons) is 6

  3. Some Isotopes are Radioactive! Radioactivity- decay of an unstable , high energy atomic nucleus which releases radiation. Radioisotope –An isotope of an element that is radioactive

  4. So how does it work? • Parent nuclide (element)- unstable, higher energy element that decays into another nuclide • Daughter nuclide- stable product that results from this decay Ex. C14 (parent) decays into N14 (daughter)

  5. Discovering Radiation Henri Becquerel 1903 Nobel Prize for physics

  6. http://web.stteresa.edu.hk/~kfyuen/lesson09034.jpg

  7. Types of radiation • Alpha rays (α) Click -easily blocked by clothing, paper, etc. • Beta rays (β)- Nuclear decay by emission of an electronclick -can be stopped by thick wood; used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells • Gamma rays (γ)- emission of a high energy photon from the nucleus (like an X-ray) click -are a health hazard; maybe blocked by 6 in of cement

  8. Half-life- time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive isotope to decay • Each isotope has its own HL -half-life of 238U is 4.5 billion years -half-life of 14C is 5730 years -half-life of 85Kr is 10.76 years Decay continues until a stable, non-radioactive product is formed

  9. Half Life

  10. Half life - a geologic clock

  11. Ex. 210Bismuth Has a half-life of 5 days

  12. Telling time by absolute age Carbon-14 to Nitrogen 14 in ~5700 years found in any living thing Uranium-235 to lead 207 in 700 million years Potassium-40 to Argon-40 in 1.3 billion years found in the mineral feldspar Uranium-238 to lead 206 in 4.5 billion years Thorium 232 to Lead 208 in 14 billion years.

  13. More nuclear reactions…. • Nuclear fission- atom’s nucleus splits into smaller parts; done by firing a neutron at the nucleus demo

  14. Nuclear fusion- 2 or more elements fuse together to from a larger element and release energy in the process (ex. the sun) demo

More Related