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Other Important TCP/IP Standards

Other Important TCP/IP Standards. Domain Name System (DNS) Autoconfiguration Protocols. Domain Name System (DNS). Only IP addresses are official e.g., 128.171.17.13 These are 32-bit binary numbers Only they fit into the 32-bit destination and source address fields of the IP headers.

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Other Important TCP/IP Standards

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  1. Other Important TCP/IP Standards Domain Name System (DNS) Autoconfiguration Protocols

  2. Domain Name System (DNS) • Only IP addresses are official • e.g., 128.171.17.13 • These are 32-bit binary numbers • Only they fit into the 32-bit destination and source address fields of the IP headers IP Packet 32-bit Source and Destination Addresses (110011...)

  3. Domain Name System (DNS) • Users typically only know host names • e.g., voyager.cba.hawaii.edu • More easily remembered, but • Will not fit into the address fields of an IP packet IP Packet NO voyager.cba.hawaii.edu

  4. Domain Name System (DNS) • User’s computer sends a DNS host the target host’s host name in a DNS Request message • DNS host returns the target host’s IP address in DNS Response message Voyager.cba. hawaii.edu User PC Internet Layer Process DNS Host 128.171.17.13

  5. Domain Name System (DNS) • Subtlety • Organizations or ISPs have local DNS hosts • These hosts must know only local host names and IP addresses • For other host names, local DNS host passes request to another DNS host User PC Internet Layer Process Local DNS Host Remote DNS Host

  6. Domain Name System (DNS) • Subtlety • Remote DNS host passes information back to the local DNS host • Local DNS host passes information back to user PC • Browser only talks to local DNS host User PC Internet Layer Process Local DNS Host Remote DNS Host

  7. Domain Names • Internet uses hierarchical naming • A domain is a collection of resources managed by an organization • Generic top level domains (gTLD) by type of organization • .com for commercial organizations • .edu for educational institutions • National top level domains (nTLDs) by country • .UK United Kingdom • .AU Australia

  8. Domain Names • Organizations are given second-level domain names • Microsoft.com • Hawaii.edu • JAIMS.org • panko.com • Whitehouse.gov • Also can have second-level domains for products (nameofnewmovie.com)

  9. Domain Names • Organizations can create lower-level domain names • cba.hawaii.edu (for the College of Business Administration) • The lowest level domain name is the host name for an individual host or router • www.cba.hawaii.edu • www.microsoft.com • www.panko.com

  10. Autoconfiguration • Every computer attached to the Internet is a host • Including desktop PCs • Every host must have an IP address • Some hosts, such as routers and webservers, get permanent IP addresses • So that they can be found easily

  11. Autoconfiguration • User PCs do not need permanent IP addresses • They only need to be found within a use session • They usually are given temporary IP addresses each time they use the Internet • They may get a different IP address each time they use the Internet

  12. Autoconfiguration • Request-Response Cycle • User software requests IP address for the user PC in Autoconfiguration Request message • Autoconfiguration Response message contains temporary IP address to use in current session Autoconfiguration Request User PC Autoconfiguration Host Temporary IP Address in Autoconfiguration Response

  13. Autoconfiguration • Most popular autoconfiguration protocol is DHCP • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • Built into Windows after Win 3.1 • Supplies host with temporary IP address • DHCP can give more information too • Usually gives IP address of a default gateway (Microsoft terminology for router) • Can give IP address of a local DNS host • Can give other information

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