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Crystal Structure: Types, Lattices, and Unit Cells

This paper provides an overview of crystal structures, including the types of crystalline solids and the arrangements of atoms in space lattices. It explains the concept of a basis or motif and discusses the different types of unit cells in one, two, and three dimensions. The examples of NaCl and the 14 Bravais lattices are also presented.

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Crystal Structure: Types, Lattices, and Unit Cells

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  1. Presentation ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Paper XII (IVSemester) By Dr. Kshirsagar S.V.

  2. Na+ Cl- Ionic solids Covalent Solids Molecular Solids Metallic solids STRUCTURES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID TYPES

  3. QUARTZ DIAMOND GRAPHITE

  4. • • • • • • • • • = Space Lattice + Basis = Crystal Structure CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Crystal structure is the periodic arrangement of atoms in the crystal. Association of each lattice point with a group of atoms(Basis or Motif). Lattice: Infinite array of points in space, in which each point has identical surroundings to all others. Space Lattice Arrangements of atoms = Lattice of points onto which the atoms are hung. + Elemental solids (Argon): Basis = single atom. Polyatomic Elements: Basis = two or four atoms. Complex organic compounds:Basis = thousands of atoms.

  5. a a a ONE DIMENTIONAL LATTICE ONE DIMENTIONAL UNIT CELL UNIT CELL : Building block, repeats in a regular way

  6. TWO DIMENTIONAL LATTICE

  7. b a  b,   90° a a a a  b,  = 90° a  b,  = 90° b b a = b,  =120° a = b,  = 90° a a a a TWO DIMENTIONAL UNIT CELL TYPES

  8. EXAMPLE OF TWO DIMENTIONAL UNIT CELL

  9. TWO DIMENTIONAL UNIT CELL POSSIBILITIES OF NaCl Na+ Cl-

  10. THREE DIMENTIONAL UNIT CELLS / UNIT CELL SHAPES 1 7 2 3 4 5 6

  11. LATTICE TYPES Primitive ( P ) Body Centered ( I ) Face Centered ( F ) C-Centered (C )

  12. BRAVAIS LATTICES 7 UNIT CELL TYPES + 4 LATTICE TYPES = 14 BRAVAIS LATTICES

  13. Thank You

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