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Diverse World of Nematodes and Arthropods

Explore the fascinating world of nematodes and arthropods, including roundworms, spiders, crabs, and more. Learn about their unique characteristics, habitats, and importance in ecosystems. Discover the diverse forms of insect metamorphosis and the anatomy of grasshoppers, centipedes, and millipedes.

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Diverse World of Nematodes and Arthropods

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  1. Nematodes,Arthropods BSC 2011L

  2. Animal Taxonomy • Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Animalia • Protostomia– blastopore to mouth • Ecdysozoa– molt • Phylum Nematoda– roundworms • Phylum Arthropoda – arthropods • Subphylum Chelierata • Class Arachnida – spiders, scorpions • Class Merostomata– horseshoe crabs • Subphylum Crustacea – crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp krill, barnacles • Subphylum Myriapoda • Class Chilopoda- centipedes • Class Diplopoda- millipedes • Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Insecta- insects

  3. Phylum Nematoda • Nema is greek for “thread” • Pseudocoelomates • Un-segmented • Aquatic habitats, damp soil • Cuticle/specialized epidermis • sheds or “molts” periodically • Respiration • Partial structure support with/ hydroskeleton • Parasitize both plants and animals • Pinworms and hookworms cause intestinal problems in humans and other animals • Trichonella causes trichonosis(attaches to intestinal wall and robs host of nutrients) • One species causes what we call elephantiasis • Digestion – mouth and anus

  4. Phylum Nematoda • Cuticle is shed 4 times during lifetime • Sexual Dimorphism males vs. females • Ladies are larger • ObserveAscaris sp.

  5. Phylum Nematoda • Animal: Roundworm • Symmetry: bilateral • Body cavity: pseudocoelomate • Digestion: mouth and anus • Circulation: none, fluid in pseudocoel • Segmentation: none • Appendages: none • Nervous: dorsal and ventral nerve cord • Habitat: parasitic • Respiration: diffusion through body surface • Excretion: 2 lateral tubes • Locomotion: longitudinal muscles, whipping motion • Support: hydrostatic skeleton, pseudocoel

  6. Phylum Arthropoda • Most diverse and numerous animals on earth • Paired, jointed appendages • Exoskeleton made of chitin • Digestion – complete • Circulation – open • Typical Larvae is naupilus(free-swimming planktonic, no segmentation)

  7. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Chelierata • 4 pairs of legs • No antennae • Cephalothorax and abdomen • Class Arachnida – spiders, scorpions • Class Merostomata– horseshoe crabs

  8. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Crustacea • Crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfish • 3-5 pairs of legs • 1 pair antenna • Head, thorax, abdomen • Males have swimmerets • Dissection*

  9. Crayfish Dissection – pgs. 65 & 67

  10. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Crustacea • Animal: crayfish • Symmetry: bilateral • Body cavity: coelomate – protostome • Digestion: complete • Circulation: open, heart, blood vessels • Segmentation: yes • Appendages: mouth parts, walking legs, swimmerets • Nervous: dorsal brain, ventral nerve cord • Habitat: aquatic • Respiration: gills • Excretion: green gland, gills • Locomotion: walking legs • Support: exoskeleton

  11. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Myriapoda • Class Chilopoda– centipedes • 1 pair of legs/segment • Class Diplopoda– millipedes • 2 pairs of legs/segment http://www.liveanimalslist.com/interesting-animals/images/millipedes-vs-centipedes-picture.jpg

  12. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Insecta • 3 pairs of legs/segment • 1 pair antenna • Head, thorax, abdomen • Grasshopper – • (identify regions on model)

  13. Insect Metamorphosis • Complete • Drastic change • 3 stages – larval, pupa, adult • Larvae does not resemble adult form • Ex. butterfly • Incomplete • Gradual change • 2 stages – nymphs, adult • Larvae (nymphs) resemble adult form • Ex. grasshopper https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/11/2e/67/112e673f6c562b5713a4f003f4fd6f59.jpg http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/grasshoppers/images/4/45/Imagesrn.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20120917002813

  14. Grasshopper – pg. 66

  15. Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta • Animal: Grasshopper • Symmetry: bilatera • Body cavity: coelomate – protostome • Digestion: complete – mouth, crop, gizzard, stomach, etc. • Circulation: open, • Segmentation: yes • Appendages: mouth parts, antennae, walking legs • Nervous: dorsal brain, ventral nerve cord • Habitat: terrestrial • Respiration: tracheal tubes opening at spiracles • Excretion: malpighian tubes, empty to intestine • Locomotion: 2 pairs of wings, walking legs • Support: exoskeleton

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