THE IMPACTS OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY ON THE RESILIENCE OF INFORMAL TRADERS

1. THE IMPACTS OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY ON THE RESILIENCE OF INFORMAL TRADERS Mr.Albert Ferreira Assistant Lecturer, Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Pretoria Dr. Karina Landman Senior Lecturer, Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Pretoria Source: Adapted from The Informal City, 2011

2. Introduction • Exploring the relationship between Urban Morphology and the Resilience of Informal Traders through various Diversity indicators in the CBD of Pretoria/Tshwane. • Salat’s (2011) theories on complexity and diversity will be used as a framework for this investigation (incorporating ecological resiliency concepts) • Assessing impacts and design implications will be given

3. The Informal Economy and its role • The informal economy in SA (30% of GDP) • Informal Trading a major component of sector • Growth in the informal economy is because of: • Inability of formal economy to absorb unemployed • Urbanisation of Poverty • Relatively easy to establish • Immigration • Robust, Flexible in nature

4. Challenges facing informal trading • By law enforcement (Harassment) • Crime (customers and own safety) • Lack ablution facilities • Health hazards • Proper trading facilities • Over trading • Access to storage facilities • Most traders are not represented by association thus often get excluded from participation • Lack of access affordable to micro financing

5. Who are the Informal Traders? • Very Diverse Group of ordinary men and women • Acute and instinctive business knowledge • Diverse in terms • Product/services on offer • Structure • Location (often impeded) • Subsistence vs. Enterprising • Cultural Backgrounds Skills and Experience (not tested in this presentation) etc.

6. Resilience & Diversity • Resilience – ability of the urban systems to cope with shocks and pressures and adapt to these in ways that these systems can continue to function • Various indicators used to understand relationship between urban morphology and resilience • One of these: diversity • Complexity & adaptive capacity enhanced through diversity • Increased diversity also allows for greater redundancy and thus ability to cope with disturbances

7. Theoretical Underpinning Salat: Complexity in urban morphology has three main components Objects of the same family but offering different configurations Diversity of objects in Space/Spatial Distribution Diversity of objects of different scales Pareto distribution – Inverse power rule Small = more & big = less

8. Diversity in relation to traders Diversity of Objects • Types of traders (population) • Types of trading places (structures) • Types of products Spatial Distribution • Location of traders Diversity at various scales • E.g. metropolitan / district facilities in selective areas

9. Diversity of Objects Types of traders (population) Types of trading places (structures) Types of products

10. CASE STUDY SELECTION AND SCALES OF ANALYSIS

11. Contextualisation • CBD block structure resilience (from 1860-Present) • Land use and Subdivision change • History of Trading in the area • History of Trading more than 150 years old (Agricultural service town- holy communion markets) • Move from Church Square to Market Square turn of the Century (move to trading square) • Modernist era and Apartheid Rule • Post Apartheid proliferation of informal trading • Shift in Demographics 1878 2013 SA History online, 2013

13. 800mX800m area

14. Block level

15. Building/Structure level

16. Informal Trader Locations

17. Informal Trader Agglomerations Van der Walt/Thabo Sehume Road Intersections Church Square Pedestrianised Church Street

18. Fruit, Veg & Food Informal Trader Product Diversity Mixed LEGEND Fruit vendor Sweets & Cig News paper vendor Clothes, Footware and Accessories Food & Restaurant Cosmetics Electronics & CD’s/DVD’s Traditional Salons Services Combo’s Tourist Trap Clothing District Mixed

20. BLOCK TYPES

21. Marabastad 40m 70m

22. Pretoria Central 240m 140m

23. GOVERNMENT BLOCK STERILIZATION

25. Government Block Sterilisation Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

26. The Contrast between interface and use Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

27. PERMEABLE AND SMALL BLOCKS

31. Small Blocks with single usage Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

32. Small Blocks with subdivisions and mixed uses Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

33. ARCADE AND SHOPPING BLOCKS

36. Arcade and Shopping Blocks Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

37. Arcade and Shopping Blocks Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

38. Arcade and Shopping Blocks Informal Trader Mobile Street Trader Chain Store/National Retailer Convenience Store Wholesale Arcade/Shopping centre route Individual Shop Speciality Retail LEGEND

39. Block form and Impacts

40. Urban Design and Management implications

41. Conclusion • Diversity important indicator to understand resilience of urban from • Also in terms of uses, e.g. Traders in CBD • Morphology impact on traders in number of ways: • Location choices • Influences movement of traffic (motorised and pedestrian) • Agglomerations • Adaptive Capacity of urban space to change • Should consider this in terms of future urban intervention