Essential Industrial Gases: Benefits, Uses, and Synthesis Methods

1. Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan Richter

2. Industrial Gases • Industry • Commonly Used Basic Gases • Formulation • Environmental factors • Common Uses

3. Gas Industry • Industries net worth $17 billion • 15 companies in Wisconsin • Employs about 60,000 American workers • Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of America’s Gross Domestic Product Source: http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf

4. How industrial gases are used • Benefits patients in hospitals and at home • Helps clean the air • Creates cleaner transportation fuels • Helps purify water supplies • Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency • Powers space exploration • Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food • Enables advanced electronics

5. Commonly used basic gases • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Carbon Monoxide • Carbon Dioxide Source:http://www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf

6. Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

7. Nitrogen Synthesis • Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it. • Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an insulated area • The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid oxygen is then distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen. http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207

8. Carbon Monoxide Synthesis • Producer gas: CO2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol) • Water gas: H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol) • By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production

9. Carbon Dioxide Synthesis • Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen. • Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered) • Product of breathing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

10. Machinery • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo

11. Reactions

12. Reactions 2

13. Making Industry Greener • Uses for oxygen in oil refineries. • A. Increased plant capacity. • B. Higher oxidation temperatures. • C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower concentration of inert nitrogen. • D. New plants can be built smaller.

14. Making industry Greener cont… • Hydrogen for oil refineries. • A. steam reforming of methane. • B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from synthesis gas. • C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.

15. Common Uses • Nitrogen • Ammonia synthesis (NH3) • Chemicals • Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR) • Electronics • Primary Metals Manufacture

16. Common Uses • Oxygen • Primary Metals Production • Chemicals and Gasification • Medicine • Oxyacetylene Welding • C2H2 (g)+ 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g) + ∆

17. Common Uses • Hydrogen • Ammonia synthesis (Haber process) • Methanol manufacture • (1) 2CH4 (g)+ ½ O2 (g) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 (synthesis gas) • (2) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2  2CH3OH (g) + 2H2 (g) +H2O (g)

18. Common Uses • Carbon Dioxide • Food Industry • Beverage Carbonation • Oil and Gas Recovery • Chemical Manufacture

20. References • : http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf • www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf • http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse • http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo