1 / 23

Impacts of The Enlightenment

Impacts of The Enlightenment. SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3. Enlightened Culture. Other kings build big palaces like Versailles, but in a new style of architecture borrowing from baroque Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and the pursuit of pleasure

dianne
Download Presentation

Impacts of The Enlightenment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Impacts of The Enlightenment SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3

  2. Enlightened Culture • Other kings build big palaces like Versailles, but in a new style of architecture borrowing from baroque • Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and the pursuit of pleasure • Music: Mozart, Handel, Hayden, Bach • Literature centers around the emergence of novels, about real people, not royalty

  3. Enlightenment & Absolutism • People begin to accept that equality before the law; right to hold property; pursuit of happiness; and freedoms of religion, speech, press & assembly • Rulers must be “enlightened”, operate within the law and nurture art, science and education • Enlightened Absolutism, where kings rule with absolute power, but adhere to Enlightened ways

  4. Prussia • King Frederick William I builds a powerful Prussian state: • Fourth largest army in Europe • Loyal, efficient bureaucracy • Fredrick II (The Great) cultured and educated—Enlightened • Improved army and controlled bureaucracy • Bans torture, except traitors and murderers • Expanded freedom of speech, press, religion • But, keeps Prussian feudal system in tact

  5. The Austrian Empire • Austrian Empire is powerful, but hard to rule because of large size • Empress Maria Theresa centralizes and strengthens the power of the state, while relieving burden of serfs (somewhat) • Joseph II, M.T.’s son, makes ideas of the Enlightenment law • Abolish serfdom, eliminate death penalty, est. equality before law, religious toleration • Nobles angry for freeing of serfs, Church angry over toleration, serfs upset about not understanding the world around them • Joseph’s reforms fail, successors reverse them

  6. Catherine The Great’s Russia • Catherine takes power of Russia (1762-1796), favors Enlightened reforms • Establishes new code of laws, all are equal under the law, but never really enforced • Nobility is key to stability, but her favor of nobles leads to unrest among serfs • Catherine expands Russian territory to the south (Black Sea), and west to Poland

  7. War of Austrian Succession • Austria’s Empress Maria Theresa seen as weak, Prussia’s Fred II invades Silesia • Austria & Britain vs. Prussia & France • War was fought in three places around the world: Austria, Netherlands and India • British capture French forts in N. America • After Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, war stops, but only for a bit • Everyone gets land back, except Silesia

  8. The Seven Year’s War • Maria Theresa still upset over Silesia, France is upset with England • France & Austria forget rivalry, join forces with Russia against Prussia & Britain • War starts in Europe, India & N. America • The war lasts from 1756-1763: • In Europe & India called Seven Years’ War • In N. America called French & Indian War by the British and American colonists who fought against the Native Americans & French

  9. War In Europe • Frederick’s large Prussian army fights well at first, but is worn down by attacks from three sides • Austria (South), France (West), Russia (East) • New Russia czar Peter III, likes Frederick, stops Russian attacks • War at stalemate, ends in 1763 • All lands returned, Austria gives up Silesia

  10. War In India • “The Great War For Empire” fought between France & Britain in India & N.A. • France won Madras from Britain in War of Austrian Succession, but gave it back • France always wanted Madras, and attacks British Madras—the British persist • France eventually leaves India to Britain

  11. War In North America • Called “French & Indian War” • France ran N.A. colonies like trading area • Rich in fur, leather, fish and timber • British N.A. more populated, wealthier • 1750: 1 million people • Two main areas of fighting: • Gulf of St. Lawrence • Ohio River Valley

  12. French & Indian War • French in Ohio River Valley, seen as threat by British colonists/army • French built forts, made alliances with Indians • British Prime Minister William Pitt, wants to destroy French Empire, replace it with a British Empire • Concentrates British resources on the war in the colonies, not the European theater • French N.A. army is bigger, but little navy • France winning at first, but naval losses leave it unable to support army

  13. War Ends • 1759: Britain wins battle of the Plains of Abraham (Quebec) under Gen. Wolfe • British take Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River Valley from France • Treaty of Paris: France gives Britain Canada, land east of Mississippi River • As ally of France, Spain gives Britain control of Florida, but get Louisiana from France • 1763: Great Britain is world’s greatest colonial power

More Related