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Operations Management

This self-introduction to the Operations Management class covers topics such as organization, finance, operations, and marketing. It also discusses supply chain, process management, decision making, historical evolution, ethical conduct, and key issues in operations management.

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Operations Management

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  1. Operations Management Michael Lau

  2. Self-introduction

  3. Introduction to the class • Attendance • Group-work • Examination

  4. Organization • Finance • Operations • Marketing

  5. Finance • Responsible for securing financial resources at favorable prices and allocating those resources throughout the organization. As well as budgeting, analyzing investment proposals , and providing funds for operations.

  6. Operations • Responsible for producing the goods or providing the services offered by the organization

  7. Marketing • Responsible for assessing consumer wants and needs, and selling and promoting to organization’s goods or services.

  8. Question 1 • List the three parts in order to importance. • Why?

  9. Supply Chain • Closely linked with operations • It is the sequence of organizations- facilities, functions, and activities. • Facilities: • Functions and Activities: • Supply chains are both external and internal to the organization.

  10. The essence of the operations • Value-added: • 1. for-profit organizations: • 2. non-profit organizations:

  11. Goods and Services • Goods: physical items • Examples: • Services: activities that provide some combination of time, location, form or psychological value • Examples: • Joint production.

  12. Goods and Services • Production of goods results in a tangible output. • Delivery of service implies an act

  13. Question 2 Compare the points • Degree of customer contact • Labor content of jobs • Uniformity of inputs • Measurement of productivity • Quality assurance • Inventory • Wages • Ability to patent

  14. Process Management • Upper-management process • Operational processes • Supporting processes • Purpose: to meet the demand

  15. Process Variation • 1. The variety of good/services being offered • 2. Structural variation in demand • 3. Random variation • 4. Assignable variation

  16. Scope of OM • Forecasting • Capacity planning • Facilities and layout • Scheduling • Managing inventories • Assuring quality • Motivating and training employees • Locating facilities

  17. Group-work • University: • Forecasting: labor market/further education • Capacity planning : students/teachers • Facilities and layout : multimedia classroom/pool • Scheduling : students/teachers • Managing inventories : backup • Assuring quality : outline/communicate • Motivating and training employees : rules • Locating facilities : make the best of every facility

  18. Decision making • System capicity • Geographiclocation of facilities • Arrangement of department/Placement of equipment • Product and service planning • Long-term

  19. Adjustment manking • Personnel • Inventory planning • Scheduling • Project management • Quality assurance • Short-term • ADVISE TO

  20. Other areas • Purchasing • Industrial engerneering • Dstribution • Maintenance

  21. 4 Ws • What: what do we need? How many/much do we need?how to arrange them? • When: when should we get the money/human resource? when should we give the outline? When should we correct the mistakes? • Where? • Who?

  22. Historical Evolution • Scientific management: • Fredrick Taylor--“perfect”:best methods, best person, best outputs. Workers did not like it. • Mass production: low-skilled works use specialized machinery • Division of labor • Interchangeable parts

  23. The human relations movement: McGregor • X theory: “rewarded or punished” • Y theory: “make labor love their jobs” Decision Models: statistical-sample theory Japanese: “quality revolution” “lean production”

  24. Operations Today • E-business • 6 sigma: .cut the time and cost • .productivity improvement • .precess yield improvement • .quality improvement • .increasing customer satisfication

  25. Key issues • Economic conditions • Innovating • Quality problems • Risk management • Comparing in global economy

  26. Environmental Concerns • Sustainability: using resources in ways that do not harm ecological systems that support human existence. • Areas affected: product and service design, consumer education, disaster preparation and response, supply chain waste management, outsourcing decisions.

  27. Ethical Conduct • Financial statements • Worker safety • Product safety • Quality • The environment • The community • Hiring and firing workers • Closing facilities • Workers’ rights

  28. 5 Principles • Utilitarian Principle • Rights Principle • Fairness Principle • Common Good Principle • Virtue Principle

  29. Need to manage the supply chain • The need to improve operations • Increasing levels of outsourcing • Increasing transportation costs • Competitive pressures • Increasing globalization • Increasing importance of e-business • The complexity of supply chains • The need to manage inventories

  30. Summary • Operations function: • It consists of: • The final goal of operations: • There are variation in all the processes. • Similarities/Differences between goods and services • Environmental issues/ethical issues • Managements of supply chain

  31. Set a frame

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