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Unit 1: Energy Producing Territory. Non-renewable resources Limited amounts found in nature Oil, natural gas, coal, uranium (nuclear power) Renewable resources Does not run out, if they are managed properly Biomass, tidal and hydro (Run of river and storage plants) Inexhaustible resources
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Unit 1: Energy Producing Territory • Non-renewable resources • Limited amounts found in nature • Oil, natural gas, coal, uranium (nuclear power) • Renewable resources • Does not run out, if they are managed properly • Biomass, tidal and hydro (Run of river and storage plants) • Inexhaustible resources • Always available • Solar, wind and geothermy
Terms to know • Greenhouse effect • Warm the layer of air surrounding the earth. Increase CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs in the atmosphere • OPEC • Control oil reserves around the world • Kyoto • Organization to reduce greenhouse effect
Alberta • Tar sands • Tar + sand+ water + clay = crude oil • Extract oil with: • Open pit mine • Derrick
Persian Gulf • Major oil producer in the world
Cote-Nord and Jamesie • Hydroelectricity • Robert Bourassa
Unit 2: Agricultural Territory • Flooding • Heavy precipitation for a limited period of time (storm) • Monsoon • Rapid melting of snow • Ice jam • Drought • Dry weather, high temperature, low precipitation • Famine • Desertification • Insect Infestation • Phenomenal number of insects that devour an area of crops
Techniques to combat hazards • Improve yields • Resistant grains • agroforestry
Terms to know • Salinization • Fallow land • Irrigation • Desertification
Canadian Prairies • Grain and livestock • Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta • Short hot summer • Long cold winter • Low precipitation • Crop rotation to help reduce erosion • Land susceptible to erosion after cultivation
Unit 3: The Industrial Territory • Primary Sector • Natural resource development (raw materials) • Agriculture, mining, fishing, etc. • Secondary Sector • Converting raw materials into products • Automobile industry, textile industry, agri-food industry, etc. • Tertiary Sector • Services • Commerce, transport, education, health, communication, etc.
Terms to know • Revenues from sales – Production costs = Profits • Industrialization • High Technology
Location • Best near raw materials, modes of transportation, markets and areas of large labour force. • Cheaper to have other countries make various parts of a product (ex: Car) • Businesses shut down in industrial countries to set up in developing countries (cheaper)
Canadian Great Lakes • Car, iron and steel production • Canal system • Acid rain • Mercury pollution
Saguenay – Lac Saint-Jean • Sawmill • Aluminum • Paper production
Unit 4: The Forest Territory • Deciduous forest • Maple, birch, etc. • Coniferous forest • Spruce, fir, pine, etc. • Tropical rainforest • Cacao tree, calabash tree, lianas, etc. • Primeval forest • Virgin or untouched forest • Exploited forest • Altered by human beings
Sylviculture • Cutting with protection of regeneration and soils • Seed cutting • Shelterwood cutting (only older trees cut down) • Selection cutting • Block cutting • Reforestation
Terms to know • Deforestation • Reforestation • Sylviculture • FSC (ecolabelling)
Uses • Recreational tourism (ecotourism) • Hunting, fishing, art, national parks, observation, traditional activities of the Native people, etc. • Economic resources • Logging and forestry • Fuel • Heating houses, cooking, etc.
Hazards • Poor forest practices • Legal and illegal exploitation • Urbanization • Insects • Acid rain
Amazonia • Tropical Rainforest • Livestock • Forests cut down to make room for more livestock • Precious wood taken illegally
British Columbia • Temperate rainforest • Boreal forest • Mountain forest • Reforestation
Abitibi-Temescamingue • Boreal • Mixed Forest
Unit 5: Native Territory • First arrived by the frozen Bering Strait and hunted woolly mammoths and bison • Quebec has 2 Native peoples • Inuit • Amerindians • Algonquin • Iroquois
Native Cultural Zones • Arctic • kayak • Subarctic • Snowshoes, birch bark canoe • Northeast • Longhouses, dried out food to preserve it • Great Plains • Teepees, fur clothing • Plateau • Northwest Coast • Totem poles
Terms to know • Band • Reserve • Claim for rights • Amautik (big hooded coat) • Treaty • Katajjak (throat singing)
Native Art • Carving • Painting • Sweet grass baskets • Totem poles • Bead work • Clothing
Beliefs – Mother Earth and the Creator • Social life – pow wow, sundance, traditional celebrations, sweat lodge • Quality of life – lower life expectancy, high suicide rate, health issues, depression • Rights – no tax on reservation, ancestral rights
Naskapi • In Quebec near Newfoundland and Labrador • No roads, use plane and train for transportation • Nomadic ways to sedentary
Cree • Nomadic to Sedentary • Recreational tourism (ecotourism) • Outfitters
Nunavut • Language is Inuktitut • Inukshuk • To show direction • Scare off spirits • Hunting • Presence of people, etc.