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Weird Stuff

Weird Stuff. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN_YQUiWtU Glowing Fish http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering/mad-science. Chapter 13 Biotechnology!. Biotechnology.

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Weird Stuff

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  1. Weird Stuff • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN_YQUiWtU Glowing Fish • http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering/mad-science

  2. Chapter 13 Biotechnology!

  3. Biotechnology • Biotechnology: using organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products

  4. Selective breeding • Mating organisms to produce offspring with desired traits (has been around since ancient times) • Inbreeding= mating between closely related individuals • Hybrids– offspring of parents with different forms of traits. In plants, hybrids are often stronger or bigger. • Read artificial selection article

  5. Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering • Recombinant DNA: DNA in which genes from 2 different sources are linked • Genetic engineering: cutting out DNA from one organism and putting it into another. (i.e. how we make recombinant DNA) • Transgenic organism= an organism with recombinant DNA • ..\..\AP BIO\articles\genetic engineering and Weird combos of organisms!.doc • C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\COURSES\LSSI Summer Institute Resources\LSSI Prog. Resources\GFP Mice

  6. Genetic Engineering Steps • Step 1: Isolate DNA from organisms • Step 2: Use Restriction enzymes to cut up the DNA (restriction) • They are very specific • Restriction site: where the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA (a specific sequence) • They are palindromes • Sticky end: short single-stranded extensions of restriction fragments C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

  7. Step 3: Attach restriction fragments permanently • DNAligase: enzyme that can join the DNA fragments • joins sugar to phosphate in backbone

  8. Step 4: put the recombinant DNA into the cell • Vector: Something that carries foreign DNA into a cell • Ex. Bacterial plasmids, viruses

  9. Bacterial plasmids in gene cloning

  10. Gene Cloning • Clone = genetically identical copy • Gene cloning: Making more copies of a gene • Bacterial plasmid with recombinant DNA reproduces as the bacteria reproduce. F:\Desktop\animations from bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html# https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/20-mechanism-of-recombination.html

  11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbZiOiPVG6c Somatic cell nuclear transfer • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whatiscloning/ Animal Cloning • Making a genetically identical copy of an animal • ex. Dolly the sheep • Remove Nucleus from an egg • Fuse this unfertilized egg with a body cell or inject a body cell nucleus into the egg.

  12. DNA Analysis & Genomics • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) • Gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting • DNA sequencing • Human genomeproject http://pix11.com/2015/01/12/wrongfully-convicted-man-spends-21-years-in-prison-dies-11-months-after-being-exonerated/ DNA Evidence

  13. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) • Replication of any piece of DNA in a test tube (in vitro) • Main Point: Makes many copies of DNA!! • Materials in tube: primers (single-stranded DNA), DNA polymerase, nucleotides • Heat and cool in thermal cycler • Applications: fossils, forensics, prenatal diagnosis, etc. http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/pcr.html

  14. DNA Analysis using Gel Electrophoresis • Step1: Cut up DNA with Restriction Enzymes • Step 2: Gel electrophoresis: separates DNA on the basis of size (smaller bands travel further) creating DNA bands of fragments of the same length • Step 3: Look at your results on the gel. • DNA Fingerprinting • Animation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/gelelectrophoresis.html • http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/animations.html • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/gel/ good gel electrophoresis virtual lab C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

  15. Based on what you just learned, which lane contains the largest fragment of DNA? The shortest? 1 2 3 4 - Injection wells + Knowledge Check! LANES DNA

  16. Knowledge Check • Use the DNA gel, and your knowledge of DNA fingerprint to analyze and determine which suspect’s DNA matches the DNA at the crime scene. DNA at crime scene Suspect 1 2 3 - +

  17. DNA Analysis and Paternity Problem • Look at the electrophoresis gel picture on the right  • Two of the individuals are parents and one is their child. • Answer the following: • Which individual is the child? • How many bands of DNA does the child share with the mother? The father? Explain why. • Based off of the gel, what color are the mother’s eyes? • Just kidding…

  18. O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95 • Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s: • 6.5 billion to 1 • Odds of blood on socks in bedroom not being N. Brown-Simpson’s: • 8.5 billion to 1 • Odds of blood on glove not being from R. Goldman, N. Brown-Simpson, and O.J. Simpson: • 21.5 billion to 1 • Number of people on planet earth: • 6.1 billion • Odds of being struck by lightning in the U.S.: • 2.8 million to 1 • Odds of winning the Illinois Big Game lottery: • 76 million to 1 • Odds of getting killed driving to the gas station to buy a lottery ticket • 4.5 million to 1 • Odds of seeing 3 albino deer at the same time: • 85 million to 1 • Odds of having quintuplets: • 85 million to 1 • Odds of being struck by a meteorite: • 10 trillion to 1

  19. DNA Sequencing • Reading the nitrogen bases (the letters) on DNA • Genome: all of an organism’s genetic material. • Human Genome Project • Outcomes: • Identification of genes involved in disease. • Genetic testing improved. • Greater understanding of genetics. • Ethical issues with genetic testing etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Fq2mOCTX6k Cracking your genetic code movie

  20. Is Genetic Modification In Agriculture a Good Idea (Evaluate) Assignment: Make a pros and cons table as you watch the following videos: After finishing them all, write a paragraph with your perspective on the issue of genetic modification in agriculture. Be sure to justify your perspective with facts/evidence from the videos. Promotional view: • http://coalitionforsafeaffordablefood.org/benefits-of-biotechnology/b • Bill Nye Video (another perspective): • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z_CqyB1dQo • Opposing View: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H9WZGKQeYg

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