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Major Religions of the World

Explore Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism to understand their beliefs, practices, and impact on societies. Discover the rich traditions, holidays, and key elements that shape these major religions.

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Major Religions of the World

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  1. Major Religions of the World We will be discussing the 5 major religions of the world. This section is not meant to support one religion over another. The goal of this section is to bring awareness of other religions and how religions impact the development of nations and people’s ways of life

  2. Judaism • Monotheistic • Hebrew Bible (Torah is part of Hebrew Bible) • Covenant (contract between God and people) that God established with Children of Israel • 10th largest religion in the world • God revealed laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai • A leader is called a rabbi

  3. One of the oldest religions • _________ __________ of _______________ • Multiple branches of Judaism • Traditionally, pray 3 times a day • Kippah or yarmulke worn by men—head must be covered • “Jews”

  4. Jewish Holidays • Passover: week-long holiday, liberation from Egyptianslavery • Shabbat: Weekly day of rest, lasting before sundown on Friday to nightfall Saturday • RoshHashanah: Jewish NewYear • YomKippur: Day of Atonement (making up for sins); holiest day, communal fasting and praying for forgiveness

  5. Christianity • Monotheistic (belief in only one god) • Based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth (also known as “Christ” or “Messiah”) • The Bible (holy book) • World’s largestreligion (2.4 Billion followers or 33% of world population) • Believe that Jesus is the Son of God and savior of humanity • Played a bigrole in shaping Westerncivilization

  6. Grew out of Judaism. • Started in Roman province of Judea • Quickly spread to Europe, Africa through missionary work • Believe that Jesussuffered, died, was buried, and rosefrom the dead

  7. Believe Jesusphysicallyrose into heaven and reigns with God the Father in the unity of the HolySpirit • Jesus will return to judge the living and dead • Grants eternallife to those who believe and trust him to take away their sins

  8. Different Denominations of Christianity • Catholic Church • Eastern Orthodox • Calvinist • Evangelical • Lutheran • Methodist • Pentecostal • Baptist • MANY MORE!

  9. The Trinity is the belief that Godisone God inthreepersons: the Father, the Son (Jesus) and the HolySpirit

  10. Catholic Interpretation • Two sense of scripture: literal and spiritual • Literal: the meaning given by the words • Spiritual: Allegory, moral

  11. Protestants • People found flaw with Catholicviews • Believed MartinLuther’s basic beliefs against Catholic church

  12. Protestant Interpretation • The Bible is the finalauthority of all Christian doctrine. • The Biblereveals all truth necessary for salvation • Believe understanding of Bible comes fromHolySpirit

  13. Christian Holidays • Lent: 40 days before Easter, self examination and preparation for Easter • PalmSunday: Sunday before Easter, Jesus’s entry into Jerusalem • MaundyThursday: Thursday before Easter, The Last Supper of Jesus • GoodFriday: Friday before Easter, Crucifixion of Jesus on the cross

  14. Easter: Resurrection of Jesus Christ, most important Christian holiday • Pentecost: 40 days after Easter, Coming of the Holy Spirit • Advent: 4 Sundays before Christmas, preparation for Christmas and Christ’s Second Coming • Christmas: Birth of Jesus Christ

  15. Islam • Religion of Muslims • Monotheistic • Muhammad, the prophet or messenger of Allah (God) • 2ndlargest religion, fastestgrowing • Teaches that Allah is merciful, all-powerful, unique and guidesmankind through prophets, revealed scriptures, and naturalsigns

  16. Quran(Holy Book) • Prophetsinclude Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus • Righteousrewarded with paradise • Unrighteouspunished in hell • Holiest cities: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem • Two denominations: Sunnior Shia

  17. 5 basic religious acts: The Pillars of Islam • The creed • Dailyprayers (5 times per day!) • Almsgiving (giving food or money to poor) • Fasting during Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime

  18. Mosqueis the place of worship • Zakat: giving fixed portion of wealth to less fortunate, “Trust from God’s bounty” • Jihad: to strive or struggle (in the way of God)

  19. Only righthandused for eatingand drinking • Restricteddiet: no porkor porkproducts, no blood, no carrion(decaying flesh), and no alcohol • All meat must be from a herbivorousanimal slaughtered in the name of Allahby a Muslim, Jew, or Christian • Permissiblefoodis called halalfood

  20. Islamic Holidays • Ramadan: Month of fasting during daylight hours • EidAl-Fitr: celebrated at end of Ramadan, zakat (charity) is given to poor • EidAl-Adha: celebrated on 10th day of Dhu Al-Hijjah (12th/final month of Islamic calendar; holiest of months), lasts 4 days, slaughter of sheep and distribute meat among family, friends, and the poor • Holidays are based on the lunarcalendar, not Gregorian (what we use, based on sunlight)

  21. Hinduism • Oldestreligion • Widely practiced in southeastAsia • India • Nepal • Diverseideas on spirituality • Polytheistic

  22. “Way of life” • Nofounder • Brahman—universalspirit • Mixture of different traditions • Beliefs • Dharma (ethics/duties) • Samsara (birth, life, death, rebirth) • Karma (action, intent, consequences) • Moksha (liberation in this life) • Yogas(paths or practices)

  23. Ancient scriptures are in Sanskrit • Two classes: Shrutiand Smriti • Hindu scriptures were made, memorized, and transmitted verballyacross generationsbeforethey were writtendown

  24. Hindu Holidays • Diwali: Festival of Lights, 5 day celebration of the victory of good over evil. • Holi: Festival of Colors, celebrates spring • RakshaBandhan: Bond of Protection, celebrates brotherhood and love

  25. Buddhism • 4thlargest religion • Started in ancientIndia and spread • Based on teachings of Buddah • Reincarnation—rebirth • Nirvana--ultimate state of salvation, liberation from rebirths • The Three Jewels • Buddha, the Gotama, Blessed One, Awakened with true knowledge • Dharma, precepts, practice, Four Truths • Sangha, order of the monks, community of Buddha’s disciples

  26. Five precepts (for moral behavior) • Abstain from killing • Abstain from stealing • Abstain from sensual (including sexual) misconduct • Abstain from lying • Abstain from intoxicants

  27. Monks also follow: • No sexual activity • Abstain from eating at wrong time (only eat solidfoodbeforenoon) • Abstain from jewelry, perfume, entertainment • Abstain from sleeping on highbeds

  28. Meditation: mind’s attention is narrowed and focused on one specific object (breath, concrete object, mantra, etc.) • Mandala: mystical maps for visualization process with cosmic symbolism

  29. Buddhist Holidays • BodhiDay: remembrance and meditation • NewYear’sDay: many Buddhists observe the Chinese New Year. Depends on ethnic background • Wesakor BuddhaDay: Celebration of Buddha’s birth. The most important Buddhist holiday

  30. The Story of God (National Geographic) with Morgan Freeman (3:27:27) • testmoz.com/1612928

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