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Introduction

Information Processing Theory describes how learning occurs by encoding, retaining, and retrieving information in the human memory. It is different from Instructional and Design Theory, focusing on short-term memory capacity and chunking concepts. Experimental researches validate limitations and implications, guiding interface design for effective learning experiences.

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Introduction

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction • Learning theory • Information Processing Theory • George A. Miller (Originator)

  2. Learning Theory • What is a Learning Theory? • Descriptive in nature • It describes how learning occurs • Different from Instructional Theory, and Design Theory

  3. Information Processing Theory • Information Processing Theory is a learning theory • It is based on two theoretical ideas: • Concept of chunking and the capacity of the Short Term Memory (STM) • Concept of Information Processing, uses the metaphor of computer as a model for human learning

  4. Conceptualization of the Human Memory (taken from Gredler, 1997)

  5. Concept of chunking and the capacity of the STM • STM can hold between 5-9 chunks of information • A chunk is any meaningful unit • A chunk can be digits, words, people’s faces, etc.

  6. Concept of Information Processing • Encoding=Representing information • Retention=Holding information • Retrieval=Getting information back

  7. Experimental details • Experimental researches cited • The listeners couldn’t pick more than 6 different pitches • The listeners were able to discriminate between 5 different loudness • Participants were able to taste between 4 different salt solutions • The participants were able to discriminate between 10 different points on a line • The mean corresponds to about 6.5 categories

  8. Conclusion • Short term memory (or attention span) is limited to seven chunks of information • Processing information in sequential steps is a fundamental cognitive process • Implications for Interface Design • Miller did not require people to remember changing information. (The Web is dynamic)

  9. Example • 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 = 16 chunks • 10 10 00 10 01 11 00 11 • 2 2 0 2 1 3 0 3 = 8 chunks • 1010 0010 0111 0011 • 10 2 7 3 = 4 chunks

  10. Resources • Theory Into Practice (TIP) Database • Information Processing Theory • Instructional-Design Theories Home page • Gredler, 1997

  11. Discussion & Questions • Seven wonders of the world • Seven seas • Seven deadly sins • Seven primary colors • Seven notes of the musical scale • Seven days of the week • Seven-point rating scale

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