I. Washington’s Presidency A. Washington’s New Government 1. April 30 1789, NYC, inaugurated

1. I. Washington’s Presidency A. Washington’s New Government 1. April 30 1789, NYC, inaugurated 2. John Adams VP 3. Precedents-examples to be followed

2. B. Congressional Decisions • Federal Judiciary Act (1789) – set up the Supreme and lower courts a. it was made up of six members (in the beginning) b. John Jay – 1st Chief Justice

3. C. Assembling a Cabinet 1. Washington chose a group of advisors: Knox (War), Jefferson (State), Hamilton (Treasury), Randolph (Attorney General)

4. D. The Nation’s Finances 1. Debt: Foreign Countries (France, Spain, Netherlands) US merchants & citizens, US soldiers = $52 million + a. Needed to build trust and win respect of both the foreign nations and citizen by paying it 2. Political Views – strong central government 3. Hamilton’s Financial Plan Proposals a. Pay off debts – angered Southern states b. Raise gov’t revenue – tariffs, favored industry c. Create a national bank – Was it Constitutional? 4. Building a Strong Government a. taxed imported goods 1) raise money for the government 2) encouraged growth of national business 5. Opponents a. Interpreting the Constitution  political parties 1) Jefferson/Madison – strict interpretation 2) Hamilton/Adams – loose interpretation

5. II. Challenges to the New Government A. Problems at Home 1. Competing Claims to Territory a. Land claimed by Spain, Britain, US, and Natives – land between Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River b. Most resistance – natives of NW Territory 2. Natives Defeat a. Battle of Fallen Timbers b. Early native success, until “Mad Anthony” Wayne c. Treaty of Greenville (1795) – secured the NW because natives agreed to cede land to US gov’t 3 . The Whiskey Rebellion a. Whiskey was central to Backcountry economy b. Western PA farmers rebelled over tax passed by Hamilton c. Rebellion uprising was put down by US army d. Washington showed federal gov’t could enforce laws

6. B. Problems Abroad 1. The French Revolution a. Inspired by American Revolution b. Led to war between Britain & France c. Jefferson: side w/France (ally) d. Hamilton: side w/Britain (trading partner) e. Tough spot for US  declared neutrality 2. Remaining neutral a. Problem: Britain began seizing US ships b. Solution: Jay’s Treaty (not popular) c. Problem: Spain’s claims in America d. Solution: Pinckney’s Treaty 1) gave US access to MS river & New Orleans

7. III. The Federalists in Charge A. Washington Retires 1. “Two terms was enough” 2. His concerns were, “Beware of political parties and permanent alliances” 3. Growth of Political Parties a. Groups who try to influence government b. Federalists v. Democratic- Republicans

8. B. John Adams Administration 1. 1796 – first elections where political parties competed 2. Adams - Federalist 3. VP Jefferson – Dem-Republican 4. Problems with France a. France seized US ships b. XYZ Affair  war with France

9. 5. The Alien and Sedition Acts a. Laws Adams used against French supporters (Dem-Republicans) 1) targeted aliens, or immigrants who were not citizens 2) acts were passed and one outlawed sedition, or stirring up rebellion against a government 3) these acts clamped down on freedom of speech and the press

10. 6. Resolutions a. Dem-Republicans tried nullification, claimed the states could cancel national laws (also called “states’ rights”) 7. Peace with France a. Convention of 1800 – an agreement to stop naval attacks