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Yoram Ofek Department of Information and Communications Technology University of Trento, Italy

Marie Curie Chairs (EXC) IP FLows over Optical and Wireless (“IP-FLOW”) “Kick-off” Meeting – Monday 28 June, 2004. Yoram Ofek Department of Information and Communications Technology University of Trento, Italy. Agenda. 10:30 Opening:

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Yoram Ofek Department of Information and Communications Technology University of Trento, Italy

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  1. Marie Curie Chairs (EXC)IP FLows over Optical and Wireless (“IP-FLOW”)“Kick-off” Meeting – Monday 28 June, 2004 Yoram Ofek Department of Information and Communications TechnologyUniversity of Trento, Italy

  2. Agenda • 10:30 Opening: • Prof. Fausto Giunchiglia – Vice Rector – University of Trento • Prof. Roberto Battiti – University of Trento • Mr. Philippe Froissard – European Union • 10:45 Prof. Yoram Ofek (University of Trento) – IP-FLOW Overview and Planning • Discussion/planning Research Area 1: • 11:30 Prof. Mario Baldi (Politecnico di Torino) and Prof. Achille Pattavina (Politecnico di Milano) – “Minimum Complexity Non-blocking Switching” • 11:50 Prof. Mario Baldi and Ing. Guido Marchetto (Politecnico di Torino) – "Time-based Router” • 11:40 Prof. Yoram Ofek “40 Tb/s Time-based Non-blocking Switch Design” • Lunch 12:00 – 13:00 • Discussion/planning Research Area 2: • 13:00 Prof. Moti Yung (Columbia University - USA) – “Trusted Flow: Why, How, and Where?” • 13:15 Prof. Fabio Massacci (University of Trento) – “Malware Protection” • 13:30 Prof. Roberto Battiti (University of Trento) – “Trust and Location” • 13:45 Dr. Paolo Falcarin and Dr. Maurizio Morisio (Politecnico di Torino) – “A proposed TrustedFlow System Architecture with Aspect-oriented Implementation” • 14:15 Dott. Davide D'Aprile Dr. Daniele Mazzocchi (Istituto Superiore Mario Boella - Torino) – “A TrustedFlow Enabled Run-time Environment and Trusted Flow Formal Specification” • 14:30 Dr. Luca Tagliaferri and Prof. Paolo Prinetto (Politecnico di Torino) – “Code Self-checking Techniques for TrustedFlow Implementation”Discussion/planning Research Area 3: • 15:00 Prof. Bezalel Gavish (SMU - USA) – Placement of multidirectional antennas • 15:15 Prof. Andrea Massa / Prof. Renato Lo Cigno (University of Trento) – “the inter-relationship: APs placement, antenna design, Radio wave propagation properties” • 15:30 Prof. Yoram Ofek (University of Trento)– Concluding Discussion • 16:00 – 16:30 Refreshment • 16:30 – 18:00 Separate discussions and detailed planning • 20:00 – Dinner – Ristorante Chiesa Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  3. IP-FLOW Overview • Focus on: • 1. Flow (switching/forwarding) of data over the Internet: optical and wireless • [Rather than on routing] • 2. Internet/telecom business and security Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  4. IP-FLOW Overview • Research Area 1 – UTC-based pipeline forwarding for solving switch and link bottlenecksdelivery of very high capacity streaming data • Research Area 2 – TrustedFlow for run-time software authenticationtrusted delivery and processing of data • Research Area 3 – B-GLOW - Broadband services via GLobal Optical and Wireless integration - delivering streaming data to Wi-Fi clients Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  5. Optimal UTC-based pipeline forwarding ensures: • 1. Efficient expenditure on equipment/infrastructure: • Single fully utilized network – convergence to 1 wire 1 network • 2. Revenue from serviceswith deterministic QoS: • Streaming/interactive media: video, audio, multimedia Research Area 1 - MotivationThe Telecom (Unfinished) Story • Why the telecom industry: vendors and providers are more or less in “bankruptcy” ( two trillions $ debts) • They ignored cash flow: • 1. spending money wisely … • 2. earn more money from new services Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  6. UTC second Time-driven Switching (TDS) Time Cycle0 Time Cycle1 Time Cycle79 Time-of-Day or UTC 1000 1000 1000 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 beginning of a UTC second Time-driven Priority (TDP) Optimal for Video-Conferencing – Why? Research Area 1UTC-based Pipeline Forwarding/Switching Pipelines are deployed to increase efficiency in • Factory (automotive), Computers (CPU), … NOW (deterministic) pipeline over the Internet!Thanks to GPS/GALILEO/... that provides UTC – Coordinated Universal Time everywhere Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  7. Research Area 1 UTC-based for Streaming Media • Deterministic performance: • No loss, • Minimum delay and • Constant jitter • end-to-end delay < 100 ms - interactive voice/video • Minimum buffers for all-optical realization • Enables huge capacity increase for streaming • 1000 capacity increase may create major switching bottlenecks Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  8. Research Area 1 UTC-based Switching Complexity • Minimum complexity non-blocking switching – thus very high scalability • Analytically proven • UTC-based switch = Banyan • Minimum complexity • Crossbar: • Clos: Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  9. Research Area 1UTC-based 40 Tera-bit/s Switch Crosspoint Switches: Vitesse –VSC3140VC, or MindSpeed – M21150 1 1 1 1 32-by-32 320 Gbps 32-by-32 320 Gbps 32 32 Electrical Interconnection 32 32 1 1 32-by-32 320 Gbps 32-by-32 320 Gbps 32 32 32x320: 10 Tbps Switching Module Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  10. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Research Area 1UTC-based 40 Tera-bit/s Switch UTC Pipeline Forwarding Switch Controller 1 1 1 1 1 1 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32 32 10 Tbps Switching Module 32 32 32 32 1 1 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 32-by-32 Interconnection: Electrical or Optical 32 32 Only off-the-shelf components Thus, simple to prototype 50 times less complexity than HFR (Cisco newest switch) Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  11. Research Area 1Optical to Wireless Challenge • Optical/wireless bandwidth mismatch – factor of 1000 or more • UTC-based forwarding ensures: • Minimum delay buffering and delay • Deterministic no loss Bandwidth Mismatch Animation Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  12. Ph.D. Thesis Opportunities in Research Area 1 • The research activities in this area will be open for students to propose and define their activities since there are still many open issues with regard to performance and realization. • Blocking probability analysis of global IP network with time-driven switching and time-driven priority • Optics vs. electronics: qualitative and quantitative comparison of UTC-based pipeline forwarding • Bandwidth mismatch: streaming from optical to wireless • Network architecture design and performance evaluation of multi terabit/second IP packet switches • Performance study of time-driven “best-effort” traffic over IP networks Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  13. Research Area 2Computing and Networking • Fundamental inventions in the past 50 years: • Transistor • Laser & optical fiber • Lead to exponential growth in • Computing • Networking • Doubling performance every 18-24 mo. - a.k.a. Moore's "Law“ • Led to the convergence of: • Computing and Networking Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  14. Research Area 2Computing and Networking • Today, • Internet: computing/networking are ONE • Thus, trusted operation is a major challenge • Critical to business: • Temporal (and spatial) manipulation of protocols • On-line bidding / stocks trading • DoS, DDoS – loss of revenues • Stealing: content, SW and information Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  15. Is it possible to use the networkto alleviate networkingtrust problem?

  16. Research Area 2The Context of TrustedFlow • A method that combines: • Computing and networking • For distribution of trust or entrusting • Stand-alone computer can be trusted, by definition! Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  17. Research Area 2What Do We Want to Achieve? Remote authentication of code during execution Trusted 1st computer ensure that SW executed on Untrusted 2nd computer was not modified Thereby, entrusting the 2nd computer Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  18. Research Area 2The Trust Problem Definition • How to ensure run-time SW authenticity • Focusing on two generic protocols: • 1. Sending packets: • To avoid unfair usage/attacks on networks/servers • TCP, SLA, 802.11, … • 2. Receiving packets (e.g., content): • To ensure digital right management (DRM) • Audio, video … Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  19. Entrusting Trusted Computer UNtrusted Computer Tags Computing Networking Computing Research Area 2How: Entrusting • (Stream of) Tags are EMANATED from a program=code=software at run-time • ENTRUSTINGby verifying theTags Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  20. Tags (Stream of) Tags Associated with Sending Packets Receiving Packets Periodic Replacement of SW parts & Parameters Research Area 2How: Entrusting Entrusting SW by Verifying Trusted Computer Entrusted SW on UNtrusted Computer TrustedComputing Environment Tag Checker (TC) “HARDENED”with Special Hardware/Software (e.g., TCPA) Untrusted Computing Environment SW with Tag Generator (TG) Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  21. Research Area 2Quality of Remote SW Authenticationwith TrustedFlow Better Remote Authentication Operations SPACE: interlocking and Hiding Of Tag Generation TIME: periodic replacement of SW components and parameters Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  22. Ph.D. Thesis Opportunities in Research Area 2 • TrustedFlow for streaming media content protection and management • TrustedFlow for 802.11 MAC protocol • Reverse TrustedFlow for securing mobile users • TrustedFlow for Grid computing • TrustedFlow for Internet voting software • TrustedFlow for TCP (transport control protocol) • Design of the “hiding” function of the tag generator • Design of the “interlocking” function of the tag generator • TrustedFlow for SLA (service level agreement) Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  23. Research Area 3B-GLOW Overview Revenue Generating Services Secure Data and Content Flows ResearchArea 3 Security B-GLOW High Fidelity Data Flows Over Wireless & Optical Backbone Ubiquitous Computing, Storage, Position & Time Wireless Wi-Fi 802.11 Mismatch: Bandwidth / Availability / Reliability Optical Backbone Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  24. Research Area 3B-GLOW Overview Mobile Users with Handheld Devices Who Desired to Receive (and Pay for) Quality Content Predictable High Quality Content Delivery via IP-based Wireless: IEEE 802.11 – Wi-Fi Optical Backbone Interfaces: GE/10GE/IP-MPLS/SDH/ … Scalable and adaptable Audio/Video Content Desired by Mobile Users Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  25. Research Area 3B-GLOW Overview Predictable Payments for quality content protected that can be protected by DRM With scalable flat rate/mini/micro payments With multilingual user interfaces Objective n. 4 Predictable delivery of scalable content To provide scalable audio and video content with coding and representation with run-time SLA protocol and interfaces with UMTS Objective n. 3 Objective n. 2 Efficient and timely packet flow and monitoring End-to-end Measurements with Feedback to Apps and Users Packet Transmission/Scheduling Protocol for Overcoming Optical/Wireless Bandwidth Mismatch To provide capacity to user to satisfy their need for content while minimizing infrastructure cost Optimized access point location with/without directional Antenna Objective n. 1 IP-FLOW FOCUS Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  26. Research Area 3Focus on Wi-Fi Physical/Network Layer 802.11 with External Antenna Omni/Directional 802.11 Access Point with/out SDMA Streaming Media to Mobile Users USB Multimedia Server Mobile Device PC/PDA/Phone 802.11 with External Antenna Omni/Directional • Experimental Study: • “Hot-spot” and open-space • Utilizing both: • Network/protocol analyzer • RF spectrum analyzer USB Mobile Device PC/PDA/Phone Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  27. 2 cm  60 2 cm  60 2 cm  60 2 cm  60 802.16 Smaller Directional Antennas But higher loss 16cm  7.5 L1 15GHz 15GHz 15GHz 2 cm  60 4 cm  30 8 cm  15 15GHz L2 Research Area 3Focus on Directional Antennas Antenna Gain:G(db) = 10 log10(gmax) = 10 log10 [4*π*A / Lambda 2] gmax 4*(3.14)*{(L1*L2)/(Lambda 2)} [Lambda = speed-of-light/Frequency] [A=L1*L2 is the rectangular area of antenna aperture in cm 2 ] 6 cm  60 6 cm  60 6 cm  60 6cm  60 5GHz 5GHz 5GHz 5GHz 6 cm  60 12 cm  30 24 cm  15 48 cm  7.5 L1 802.11 L2 L2 G(db)  11 G(db)  14 G(db)  17 G(db)  20 Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  28. Antenna Sector 4 Antenna Sector 5 Antenna Sector 6 Antenna Sector 3 Antenna Sector 2 Each Antenna Sector is Flat Panel with Multiple “Patches” Antenna Sector 1 Research Area 3Challenge • Small angle-high gaincontinuously changing best receiving direction, due to: • 1. environment factors • 2. motion - mobility • 3. interference (unlicensed band) • Possible solution: • multiple sectors Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  29. Research Area 31st Experimental Prototype Only software Mobile Device Antenna Sector 1 USB 802.11 Access Control Adapter Antenna Control Software USB HUB USB Connection Antenna Sector 6 USB 802.11 Access Control Adapter Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  30. Research Area 32nd Experimental Prototype with RF Switch Mobile Device Antenna Sector 1 USB 802.11 Access Control Adapter Antenna Control Software RF Switch USB Connection Antenna Sector 6 Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  31. Ph.D. Thesis Opportunities in Research Area 3 • In-depth experimentation and measurement of content delivery capacity in “hot-spot” as function of the number of active mobile user – using high-end spectrum and network analyzers • Studying the inter-relationship between directional antenna and access point placement both analytically and experimentally • Design and analysis of the potential benefits of directional antennas for mobile users • Studying and analysing how to provide scalable and adaptive audio and video content with necessary coding and representation, including a run-time and adaptive service level agreement protocol for matching capabilities for (paid) quality content delivery to mobile devices • Studying and analysing how to provide scalable content with protection using DRM (digital right management) with capability for differentiated payments and micro-payments, that are dependent on the quality of content delivered and on prior classification of users Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  32. ResearchArea 2 TrustedFlow Authentication of Data Flows ResearchArea 3 B-GLOW High Fidelity Data Flows Over Wireless & Optical Backbone ResearchArea 1 Time-based Pipeline Forwarding of Data IP-FLOW Summary Services Secure Data and Content Flows Security Ubiquitous Computing, Storage, Position & Time Wireless Wi-Fi 802.11 Mismatch: Bandwidth / Availability / Reliability Optical Backbone Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  33. IP-FLOW Overview • Milestones Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  34. IP-FLOW Overview • PROJECT GANTT Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  35. IP-FLOW Overview • Lecture series: Three graduate courses • Course 1: Satisfying QoS Requirements over a Single Networks • Course 2: Optical Networking • Course 3: The Inter-relationship of QoS, Mobility and Security • Seminar Series to Broad Audience • Seminar 1: User’s satisfaction and flow of packet over the Internet • Seminar 2: The use of time in future packet networks • Seminar 3: Trusted computing and run-time authentication of protocols • Seminar 4: Moore’s Law and the evolution of optical networking • Seminar 5: The inter-relationship of QoS, mobility and security Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

  36. IP-FLOW Overview • teaching, training, dissemination and Workshops Prof. Yoram Ofek - DIT - University of Trento, Italy

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