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Animation

Animation. Early Animation. Reminder: First came persistence of vision devices such as the Zoetrope, flip books, etc. Early Animation. Gertie the Dinosaur (l9l4) & Winsor McCay Line drawings on paper, photographed by a film camera. Animation Techniques. Cel animation

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Animation

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  1. Animation

  2. Early Animation • Reminder: First came persistence of vision devices such as the Zoetrope, flip books, etc.

  3. Early Animation • Gertie the Dinosaur (l9l4) & Winsor McCay • Line drawings on paper, photographed by a film camera

  4. Animation Techniques • Cel animation • Images hand-drawn on sheet of celluloid • Walt Disney & Ub Iwerks—partners since their teens in Kansas City

  5. Animation Techniques • Cel Animation: Foreground & Background Cels

  6. Animation Techniques • Stop motion animation • Physical objects photographed one or two frames at a time, then moved in between, to create illusion of motion • As early as 1898 (Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton’sThe Humpty Dumpty Circus, U.S.)

  7. Stop Motion Animation • Ray Harryhausen (Jason & the Argonauts (1963), Clash of the Titans (1981), etc.)

  8. Stop Motion Animation • Aardman Animation (Peter Lord & David Sproxton + Nick Park; Chicken Run (2000); Wallace & Gromit in the Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)) • Use clay animation • Established 1976

  9. Stop Motion Animation • A typical set:

  10. Full Animation • Versus “not full” animation, in which background cels are not animated, typical for TV animated series

  11. Multiplaning • Gives illusion of depth to the image • Only the biggies—Disney, Don Bluth, DreamWorks, Japanese studios)

  12. Backlighting • e.g., Beauty and the Beast (1991)

  13. Rotoscoping • Rotoscoping/Reference film (live action film as reference) • e.g., Ralph Bakshi, Lord of the Rings (l978); Richard Linklater, Waking Life (2001); A Scanner Darkly (2006)

  14. Combining live action & animation • Optical printer used to combine live action w/ animation as early as 1920's • e.g., Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1989)

  15. Japanese Anime • Not for kids only! • Based on traditional Japanese art forms • Cel animation at its best. . . • e.g., Akira (1988); Cowboy Bebop (2001)

  16. Japanese Anime—Studio Ghibli • The “kinder, gentler” anime studio, founded by • Hayao Miyazaki--Princess Mononoke (1999); Spirited Away (2002); Howl’s Moving Castle (2005) • Isao Takahata (Grave of the Fireflies (1988)

  17. Japanese Anime—Studio Ghibli My Neighbor Totoro (1988)

  18. Japanese Anime—Studio Ghibli Kiki’s Delivery Service (1989)

  19. Japanese Anime—Studio Ghibli Grave of the Fireflies (1988)

  20. Computer Animation • Computer animation (part of computer generated imagery, or CGI)—Images of things that may never exist in reality • Pixar, DreamWorks • e.g., TRON (1982); Toy Story (1995); Finding Nemo (2003) • Now the norm for animated features

  21. Blurring the Line • With computer animation, we have a blurring of the line between animation and digital special effects • The majority of feature films released in the U.S. contain at least some CGI (with live action) • Even Studio Ghibli, which still uses hand-draw cel animation, uses computer applications for highlights and sparkles, etc.

  22. Performance Capture • Performance capture (using computers to generate CGI characters moving in "real time" as captured from real humans performing while wearing sensors) • e.g., Avatar (2009) • Angelina Jolie is to star in “Beowulf,” the performance capture adaptation to be directed by Robert Zemeckis

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