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Foundations of Web-Based Instructional Design. Foundational Areas of the WBID Model. Principles within Learning Theory Bases. Principles of Behaviorism that can be applied to WBID. Practice repetition; provide opportunity. Reinforcement Better to apply positive re-inforcers.
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Principles of Behaviorism that can be applied to WBID • Practice • repetition; provide opportunity. • Reinforcement • Better to apply positive re-inforcers. • Negative reinforcement is trickier. • Active learning • Participation required • Shaping and modeling • Modeling: demonstrating desired goal. • Shaping: reinforce towards goal.
Principles of Behaviorism that can be applied to WBID (let’s apply) • Practice • Reinforcement • Active learning • Shaping and modeling
Cognitive Learning Theories • Emphasize information processing within learner’s mind. • Not just what learner does; but how arrived at answer. • Hands-on discovery learning. • Learner-centeredness. • All learners have their own perspective, experience, and prior knowledge.
Cognitive Learning Theories • Learning must be meaningful. • Learning must consider prior knowledge. • Learning must center instruction on the learner. • How to apply…….
Constructivist Learning Theories • Learners construct meaning based on their own experiences and through a social negotiation of that meaning during learning. • Learners interact and build their own knowledge and skills. • Learners construct knowledge from information received. • Focus on learner within a social setting.
Constructivist Learning Theories - Webquests • Pose a problem • Provide a framework with team member roles and activities • Path to solution is open. • Sections • Introduction • Tasks • Process • Evaluation • Conclusion
Constructivist Learning Theories - Webquests • http://webquest.sdsu.edu/ • http://www.teachersfirst.com/summer/webquest/quest-a.shtml • http://bestwebquests.com/
Systems Theory • Closed vs. open systems. • Systematic vs. Systemic • Systematic: organized approach to developing instructional innovation. • Systemic: innovation disseminated and diffused throughout entire organization. • Instructional design is iterative.
Communication Theory • Role of Noise • Message Design includes • Text • Graphics • Placement • Navigation Tools • Help systems
Instructional Design Models • ADDIE model – analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. • Emphasis on micro-level design. • Macro-level design – emphasis on entire curricula. • Rapid prototyping.